Mar 31, 2023
1. Corporate information
Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharti Infratel Limited) (âthe Companyâ or âIndusâ) was incorporated on November 30, 2006 with the object of, inter-alia, setting up, operating and maintaining wireless communication towers. The Company received the certificate of commencement of business on April 10, 2007 from the Registrar of Companies. The Company is publicly traded on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and BSE Limited. The Registered office of the Company is situated at Building No. 10, Tower A, 4th Floor, DLF Cyber City, Gurugram-122002, Haryana.
The Scheme of amalgamation and arrangement between the Company and erstwhile Indus Towers Limited ( a joint venture company) became effective on November 19, 2020. Upon implementation of the Scheme, the joint venture company (i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited) merged into the Company on a going concern basis. Further, the name of the Company was changed from Bharti lnfratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020.
Upon implementation of the Scheme and allotment of shares to indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Pie., in addition to existing promoters (representing Bharti Airtel Limited along with its wholly owned subsidiary Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited), the aforesaid indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Plc. have also been classified as promoters of the Company. During the year, Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited merged with its holding company, Bharti Airtel Limited. Accordingly, as on March 31,2023, Bharti Airtel Limited held 47.95% shares and Vodafone Group Plc. through its indirect wholly owned subsidiary companies held 21.05% shares in the Company.
2. a) Statement of Compliance
The standalone financial statements (âfinancial statementsâ) have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 issued thereunder and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) as amended from time to time.
b) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention on accrual and going concern basis, except for the certain financial instruments which have been measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind ASs.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
All the amounts included in the financial statements are reported in millions of Indian Rupees (âRupeesâ or âRs.â) and are rounded to the nearest million (Mn) except per share data and unless stated otherwise.
The financial statements are approved for issuance by the Companyâs Board of Directors on April 26, 2023.
3. Merger of âerstwhile Indus Towers Limitedâ with âthe Companyâ
On April 25, 2018, Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharti Infratel Limited) (âthe Companyâ or âTransferee Companyâ) and its Joint Venture Company erstwhile Indus Towers Limited (âerstwhile Indusâ or âTransferor Companyâ) and their respective shareholders and creditors entered into a scheme of amalgamation and arrangement (under section 230 to 232 and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 2013) (âSchemeâ) to create a pan-India tower company operating across all 22 telecom service areas. The Company had received requisite regulatory approvals and the merger become effective on November 19, 2020 (i.e. the effective date of merger) on filing the certified copy of the NCLT order with the Registrar of Companies. Upon the Scheme becoming effective the erstwhile Indus stood dissolved without being wound-up.
As a result of above scheme, Bharti Airtel group through its subsidiary i.e Bharti Infratel Limited and Vodafone group through its joint venture i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited contributed assets and liabilities to the merged entity i.e Bharti Infratel Limited and have become promoters of the Company. Furthermore, the name of the Company has been changed from Bharti Infratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020.
In compliance with the Scheme, 845,328,704 equity shares of the Company were issued to the shareholders of erstwhile Indus which have been recorded at face value of Rs. 10 per equity share and Rs. 37,642 Mn was paid to Vodafone Idea Limited (in lieu of cash option exercised for its shareholding of 11.15% in erstwhile Indus) by the Company. The stamp duty paid on issue of shares amounting to Rs. 8 Mn has been debited to Securities Premium Account.
As per Indian Accounting Standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, no specific accounting guidance is given in case of formation of such arrangement, hence, the Company had an option to either account for such business combination using âPooling of interestâ method or adopt the âfair valueâ method. The merger of erstwhile Indus with the Company has been accounted as per ''Pooling of interestâ method and accordingly, all the assets, liabilities and reserves of erstwhile Indus have been recorded at their carrying amounts and the identity of the reserves (of the transferor) shall be preserved and appear in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the transferor.
On the date of Scheme becoming effective, the Company has combined assets, liabilities and components of other equity of the erstwhile Indus on line by line basis. Furthermore, the Company has recognised impact of alignment of accounting practices and estimates of Rs. 589 Mn through General Reserve and Rs. 123 Mn (net of tax) through the Statement of profit and loss for the year ended March 31,2021.
Upon the merger becoming effective, the investment in Joint Venture (erstwhile Indus) has been cancelled by debiting the General Reserve to the extent available (i.e. Rs. 58,033 Mn) in the books of the Transferee Company, which was created out of the "BAL Scheme" (refer Note 11(a) for details of BAL scheme). Further, earlier recognised gain of Rs. 382 Mn and deferred tax liability of Rs. 116 Mn have been reversed and the balance amount of investment in joint venture i.e. Rs. 1,888 Mn has been debited to the merger Capital Reserve on account of cancellation of such investment.
In addition to above, difference between share capital of erstwhile Indus of Rs. 1 Mn and shares issued by the
Company of Rs. 8,453 Mn and cash paid of Rs. 37,642 Mn to the shareholders of the erstwhile Indus have resulted into debit balance of Merger Capital Reserve.
4. Significant accounting policies, judgements, estimates and assumptions
4.1 Significant accounting policies
a) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress held for use in production or/and supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The initial cost at cash price equivalent of property, plant and equipment acquired comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition and location. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4.2(e) regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment starts when asset is available for use. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Particulars |
Useful lives |
Office Equipment |
2 years / 5 years |
Computer |
3 years |
Vehicles |
5 years |
Furniture and Fixtures |
5 years |
Plant and Machinery |
3 to 20 Years |
Leasehold Improvement |
Period of Lease or useful life, whichever is less |
The existing useful lives and residual value of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing residual values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assetsâ residual values, depreciation method and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment (including assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement) except with an adjustment in decommissioning cost recognised as at April 1,2015
measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the cost of the property, plant and equipment.
b) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
c) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable
amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortisation expense.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
d) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current assets include the current portion of non-current assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current liabilities include the current portion of longterm liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
e) Leases
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
Company as a lessee
The Company recognizes right-of-use asset (ROU) representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company may adopt the incremental borrowing rate for the entire portfolio of leases as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments.
The Company recognises the amount of the remeasurement of lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Where the carrying amount of the
right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognizes any remaining amount of the remeasurement in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company has elected not to recognize ROU and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of twelve months or less and leases of low value assets. The lease payments associated with these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has elected to recognize the asset retirement obligation liability as part of the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment in accordance with Ind AS 16.
Company as a lessor
At the inception date, leases are classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
f) Share-based payments
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized, with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Companyâs estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework by an independent valuer and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on managementâs best estimate, for the effects of nontransferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where non-vesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
g) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companyâs cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
h) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortised cost
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
This category applies to the Companyâs trade receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or
loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income. The Company does not have any debt instrument which is required to be classified in this category.
Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Companyâs investment in government securities, mutual funds, taxable bonds and non convertible debentures.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company does not have any debt instrument which is required to be classified in this category.
Equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) or at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, if any to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at fair value through Profit or loss. There are no such equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income in the Company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised
(i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g. Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include borrowings, trade and other payables, security deposits, lease liabilities etc.
Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. The Company does not have any financial liability which is required to be classified in this category.
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc. After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Reclassification of Financial Assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next
reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
The Company has not reclassified any financial assets or liabilities after initial recognition.
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
i) Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenue primarily from rental services by leasing of passive infrastructure and energy revenue by the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring the promised services to the customers. Services are considered performed when the customer obtains control, whereby the customer gets the ability to direct the use of such services and substantially obtains all benefits from the services. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price adjusted with variable consideration, if any allocated to that performance obligation. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from the customers.
In order to determine, if it is acting as principal or as an agent, the entity shall determine whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified services itself (i.e. the entity is a principal) or to arrange for those services to be provided by the other party (i.e. the entity is an agent) for all its revenue arrangements.
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites, recoveries of rates and taxes (e.g. municipal taxes relating to the sites) and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Rental revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms prescribed under master service agreement entered with customer. The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are straight lined over the period of the contract.
Exit Charges on site exit and equipment de-loading is recognised when uncertainty relating to such exit and de-loading is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to recoverability of these charges will not occur.
Interest on delayed payment from operators is recognized as income when uncertainty relating to amount receivable is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to this amount will not occur.
Energy revenue is recognized over the period on a monthly basis upon satisfaction of performance obligation as per contracts with the customers. The transaction price is the consideration received from customers based on prices agreed as per the contract with the customers. The determination of standalone selling prices is not required as the transaction prices are stated in the contract based on the identified performance obligation.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized for the services rendered for the period falling after the last invoice raised to customer till the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the prices specified in the master service agreement with the customers, whereas invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as unearned revenues. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
The Companyâs contracts with customers include promises to transfer services to a customer which are energy and rentals. Rentals are not covered within the scope of Ind AS 115, hence identification of distinct performance obligation within Ind AS 115 do not involve significant judgement.
Judgement is required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as discounts, service level credits, waivers etc. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
In evaluating whether a significant revenue reversal will not occur, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of the revenue reversal and evaluates factors which results in constraints such as historical experience of the Company with a particular type of contract, and the regulatory environment in which the customers operates which results in uncertainty which is less likely to be resolved in near future.
The Company provides volume discount to its customers based on slab defined in the revenue contracts. Contract also contains clause on Service Level Penalty/ rewards in case the Company is not able to maintain uptime level mentioned in the agreement. These discount/ penalties are called variable consideration.
There is no additional impact of variable consideration as per Ind AS 115 since maximum discount is already being given to customer and the same is deducted from revenue.
There is no additional impact of SLA penalty as the Company already estimates SLA penalty amount and the same is provided for at each month end. The SLA penalty is presented as net off with revenue in the Statement of profit and loss.
Determination of standalone selling price does not involve significant judgement for the Company. The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers the indicators on how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered in making the evaluation. Contract fulfillment costs are generally expensed as incurred. The assessment of this criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be used to satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established, which is generally on the date when shareholders approve the dividend in case of final dividend and approval by Board of Directors in case of interim dividend.
j) Finance income
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in the Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Finance income does not include dividend income, interest on income tax refund etc. which is included in other income.
k) Other income
Other income includes dividend income, interest income, interest on income tax refund, gain on sale of property, plant and equipment etc. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of property, plant and equipment is calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset.
l) Finance cost
Finance costs comprise Borrowing cost, interest expense on lease obligations, accretion of interest on site restoration obligation and security deposits received.
m) Income Taxes
The income tax expense comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recognised accordingly.
The current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax rates, laws and regulations, which have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. The payment made in excess / (shortfall) of the Companyâs income tax obligation for the period are recognised in the balance sheet as current income tax assets / liabilities. Any interest, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are not included in Income tax charge or (credit), but are rather recognised within finance costs. The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet where the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where the Company intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.
A deferred tax liability is recognised based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. The unrecognised deferred tax assets / carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date for recoverability and adjusted appropriately.
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are off-set against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet, if and only when, (a) the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off the current income tax assets and liabilities, and (b) when it relates to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.
Further, the Company periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. The Company considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. If the Company concludes it is probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, it determines the taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits or tax rates consistently with the tax treatment used or planned to be used in its income tax filings. If the Company concludes it is not probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, the Company reflects the effect of uncertainty in determining the related taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits or tax rates. The Company reflects the effect of uncertain tax positions in the overall measurement of tax expense and are based on the most likely amount or the expected value arrived at by the Company which provides a better prediction of the resolution of uncertainty.
Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.
Uncertain tax positions are monitored and updated as and when new information becomes available, typically upon examination or action by the taxing authorities or through statute expiration and judicial precedent.
n) Dividend Payments
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Companyâs Board of Directors.
o) Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which the services have been rendered. All employee benefits expected to be settled wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as an expense unless another Ind AS requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset. Benefits such as salaries, wages and short-term compensated absences and bonus etc. are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid after deducting any amount already paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
The Company post employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred compensation and compensated absences.
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees (including contractual employees as per their terms of contract) at retirement or termination of employment based on respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.
The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out half yearly by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income forming part of the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligation towards the said benefit is recognised in the balance sheet on the basis of present value of the defined benefit obligation as the Company does not have any plan asset.
All expenses excluding remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance. The Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.
The Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The amount charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in respect of these plans is included within employee benefit expenses.
p) Provisions
(i) General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e. unwinding of discount) is recognised as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
(ii) Contingent Assets/ Liabilities
Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
(iii) Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (âAROâ) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease.
ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the site restoration obligation. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
q) Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for the effect of the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
r) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
⢠Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
⢠Level 3- Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have
Mar 31, 2022
1. Corporate information
Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharti Infratel Limited) (âthe Companyâ or âIndusâ) was incorporated on November 30, 2006 with the object of, inter-alia, setting up, operating and maintaining wireless communication towers. The Company received the certificate of commencement of business on April 10, 2007 from the Registrar of Companies. The Company is publicly traded on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and BSE Limited. The Registered office of the Company has been shifted from 901, Park Centra, Sector-30 NH-8, Gurugram Haryana-122001 to Building No. 10, Tower A, 4th Floor, DLF Cyber City, Gurugram-122002, Haryana w.e.f. August 6, 2021.
The Scheme of amalgamation and arrangement between the Company and erstwhile Indus Towers Limited (a joint venture company) became effective on November 19, 2020. Upon implementation of the Scheme, the joint venture company (i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited) merged into the Company on a going concern basis. Further, the name of the Company was changed from Bharti Infratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020 vide Certificate of Incorporation pursuant to change of name issued by Registrar of Companies.
Upon implementation of the Scheme and allotment of shares to indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Plc., in addition to existing promoters (representing Bharti Airtel Limited along with its wholly owned subsidiary Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited), the aforesaid indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Plc. have also been classified as promoters of the Company. During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the shareholding of promoters has undergone a change. As on March 31,2022, Bharti Airtel Limited along with its wholly owned subsidiary Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited held 46.44% shares* and Vodafone Group Plc. through its indirect wholly owned subsidiary companies held 21.05% shares in the Company.
*Additionally, 11,96,285 shares representing 0.04% of share capital of the Company acquired by Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited on March 30, 2022 has not been captured in the beneficial position as on March 31, 2022 received from the depositories, and accordingly, the same has not been considered by the Company while reporting above and in the shareholding pattern for March 31, 2022.
The financial statements are approved for issuance by the Companyâs Board of Directors on May 05, 2022.
2. a) Statement of Compliance
The Standalone financial statements (âfinancial statementsâ) have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with relevant rules issued thereunder and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) as amended from time to time.
b) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention on accrual and going concern basis, except for the certain financial instruments which have been measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind ASs.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
All the amounts included in the financial statements are reported in millions of Indian Rupees (âRupeesâ or âRs.â) and are rounded to the nearest million (Mn) except per share data and unless stated otherwise.
3. Merger of âerstwhile Indus Towers Limitedâ with âthe Companyâ
On April 25, 2018, Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharti Infratel Limited) (âthe Companyâ or âTransferee Companyâ) and its Joint Venture Company erstwhile Indus Towers Limited (âerstwhile Indusâ or âTransferor Companyâ) and their respective shareholders and creditors entered into a scheme of amalgamation and arrangement (under section 230 to 232 and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 2013) (âSchemeâ) to create a pan-India tower company operating across all 22 telecom service areas. The Scheme has received requisite approvals from Competition Commission of India, Securities Exchange Board of India through BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited and FDI approval from Department of Telecommunications (âDoTâ). The Company has also received approval from National Company Law Tribunal (âNCLTâ), Chandigarh on May 31,2019 read with the order dated October 22, 2020. Furthermore, the Company has filed the certified copy of the NCLT order with the Registrar of Companies on November 19, 2020 i.e. the effective date of merger. Upon the Scheme
becoming effective the erstwhile Indus stood dissolved without being wound-up.
As a result of above scheme, Bharti Airtel group through its subsidiary i.e Bharti Infratel Limited and Vodafone group through its joint venture i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited contributed assets and liabilities to the merged entity i.e Bharti Infratel Limited and have become promoters of the Company. Furthermore, the name of the Company has been changed from Bharti Infratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020.
In compliance with the Scheme, 845,328,704 equity shares of the Company were issued to the shareholders of erstwhile Indus which have been recorded at face value of Rs. 10 per equity share and Rs. 37,642 Mn (inclusive of 41 Mn paid after effective date of merger) was paid to Vodafone Idea Limited (in lieu of cash option exercised for its shareholding of 11.15% in erstwhile Indus) by the Company. The stamp duty paid on issue of shares amounting to Rs. 8 Mn has been debited to Securities Premium Account.
As per Indian Accounting Standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, no specific accounting guidance is given in case of formation of such arrangement, hence, the Company had an option to either account for such business combination using âPooling of interestâ method or adopt the âfair valueâ method. The Company has adopted âPooling of interestâ method. Accordingly, all the assets, liabilities and reserves of erstwhile Indus have been recorded at their carrying amounts and in the form in which they appeared in the financial statements as at the date of merger. The financial information in the financial statement in respect of prior periods are not restated as the business combination was not involving entities under common control.
On the date of Scheme becoming effective, the Company has combined assets, liabilities and components of other equity of the erstwhile Indus on line by line basis. Furthermore, the Company has recognised impact of alignment of accounting practices and estimates of Rs. 589 Mn through General Reserve and Rs. 123 Mn (net of tax) through the Statement of profit and loss for the year ended March 31,2021.
* During the year ended March 31,2014, under the Scheme of Arrangement (âIndus Schemeâ) under Section 391 to 394 of the Companies Act, 1956 for transfer of all assets and liabilities, as defined in Indus scheme, from Bharti Infratel Ventures Limited (BIVL), erstwhile wholly owned subsidiary Company, to erstwhile Indus was approved by the Honâble High Court of Delhi vide order dated April 18, 2013 and filed with the Registrar of Companies on June 11, 2013 with appointed date April 1, 2009 i.e. effective date of Indus Scheme and accordingly, effective June 11, 2013, the erstwhile subsidiary Company has ceased to exist and had become part of erstwhile Indus. The Company was carrying investment in BIVL at Rs. 59,921 Mn. Pursuant to Indus Scheme, the Company has additionally got 504 shares in erstwhile Indus in lieu of transfer of its investment in BIVL to erstwhile Indus and recorded these additional shares at their fair value of Rs. 60,419 Mn in accordance with the scheme. The resultant gain of Rs. 382 Mn (net of taxes Rs. 116 Mn) has been disclosed as adjustment to carry forward balance of the Statement of Profit and Loss as at April 1, 2009.
The merger of erstwhile Indus with the Company has been accounted as per âPooling of interestâ method according to which the identity of the reserves (of the transferor) shall be preserved and shall appear in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the transferor. Consequently, all the reserves of the transferor (erstwhile Indus) have been recorded at their respective book values and their identity has been preserved.
Upon the merger becoming effective, the investment in Joint Venture (erstwhile Indus) has been cancelled by debiting the General Reserve to the extent available (i.e. Rs. 58,033 Mn) in the books of the Transferee Company, which was created out of the âBAL Schemeâ (refer Note 42(a) for details of BAL scheme). There is no restriction for making adjustment to the reserves in the books of the transferee, and in accordance with the BAL scheme, such âGeneral Reserve shall constitute free reserve available for all purposes of the Company and to be utilised by the Company at its own discretion as it considers proper including in particular for off-setting any additional depreciation that may be charged by the Companyâ. Further, earlier recognised gain of Rs. 382 Mn and deferred tax liability of Rs. 116 Mn have been reversed and the balance amount of investment in joint venture i.e. Rs. 1,888 Mn has been debited to the merger Capital Reserve on account of cancellation of such investment.
In addition to above, difference between share capital of erstwhile Indus of Rs. 1 Mn and shares issued by the
Company of Rs. 8,453 Mn and cash paid of Rs. 37,642 Mn to the shareholders of the erstwhile Indus have resulted into debit balance of Merger Capital Reserve.
4. Significant accounting policies, judgements, estimates and assumptions
4.1 Significant accounting policies
a) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress is stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4.2 regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straightline basis over the estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Particulars |
Useful lives |
Office Equipment |
2 years / 5 years |
Computer |
3 years |
Vehicles |
5 years |
Furniture and Fixtures |
5 years |
Plant and Machinery |
3 to 20 Years |
Leasehold Improvement |
Period of Lease or useful life, whichever is less |
The existing useful lives and residual value of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing residual values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assetsâ residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and
equipment (including assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement) except with an adjustment in decommissioning cost recognised as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the cost of the property, plant and equipment.
b) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
c) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs
recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortisation expense.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
d) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current assets include the current portion of non-current assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current liabilities include the current portion of long-term liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
e) Leases
The company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
Company as a lessee
The Company recognizes right-of-use asset (ROU) representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any
lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date on a straightline basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company may adopt the incremental borrowing rate for the entire portfolio of leases as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments.
The Company recognises the amount of the remeasurement of lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Where the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognizes any remaining amount of the re-measurement in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company may elect not to apply the requirements of Ind AS 116 to leases for which the underlying asset is of low value. The lease payments associated with these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has opted to recognize the asset retirement obligation liability as part of the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment in accordance with Ind AS 16.
Company as a lessor
At the inception date, leases are classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
f) Share-based payments
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized, with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Companyâs estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding
increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on managementâs best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where non-vesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
g) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companyâs cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
h) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortised cost
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt Instruments at Amortised Cost
This category applies to the Companyâs trade receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income.
The Company has classified investment in tax free bonds within this category.
Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Companyâs investment in government securities, mutual funds, taxable bonds and non convertible debentures.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, if any to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at fair value through Profit or loss. There are no such equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income in the company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpassthroughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly,
twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include borrowings, trade and other payables, security deposits, lease liabilities etc.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative
gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
Financial Liabilities at Amortised cost
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc. After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Reclassification of Financial Assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following
the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
i) Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenue primarily from rental services by leasing of passive infrastructure and energy revenue by the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring the promised services to the customers. Services are considered performed when the customer obtains control, whereby the customer gets the ability to direct the use of such services and substantially obtains all benefits from the services. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.
In order to determine, if it is acting as principal or as an agent, the entity shall determine whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified services itself (i.e. the entity is a principal) or to arrange for those services to be provided by the other party (i.e. the entity is an agent) for all its revenue arrangements.
Service revenue
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Rental revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms prescribed under master service agreement entered with customer. The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are straight lined over the period of the contract.
Exit Charges on site exit and equipment de-loading is recognised when uncertainty relating to such exit and de-loading is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to recoverability of these charges will not occur.
Interest on delayed payment from operators is recognized as income when uncertainty relating to amount receivable is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to this amount will not occur.
Energy revenue is recognized over the period on a monthly basis upon satisfaction of performance obligation as per contracts with the customers. The transaction price is the consideration received from customers based on prices agreed as per the contract with the customers. The determination of standalone selling prices is not required as the transaction prices are stated in the contract based on the identified performance obligation.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized for the services rendered for the period falling after the last invoice raised to customer till the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the prices specified in the master service agreement with the customers, whereas invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as unearned revenues. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
Use of significant judgements in revenue recognition
The Companyâs contracts with customers include promises to transfer services to a customer which are energy and rentals. Rentals are not covered within the scope of Ind AS 115, hence identification of distinct performance obligation within Ind AS 115 do not involve significant judgement.
Judgement is required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as discounts, service level credits, waivers etc. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
In evaluating whether a significant revenue reversal will not occur, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of the revenue reversal and evaluates factors which results in constraints such as historical experience of the Company with a particular type of contract, and the regulatory environment in which the customers operates which results in uncertainty which is less likely to be resolved in near future.
The Company provides volume discount to its customers based on slab defined in the revenue contracts. Contract also contains clause on Service Level Penalty/ rewards in case the Company is not able to maintain uptime level mentioned in the agreement. These discount/penalties are called variable consideration.
There is no additional impact of variable consideration as per Ind AS 115 since maximum discount is already being given to customer and the same is deducted from revenue.
There is no additional impact of SLA penalty as the Company already estimates SLA penalty amount and the same is provided for at each month end. The SLA penalty is presented as net off with revenue in the Statement of profit and loss.
Determination of standalone selling price does not involve significant judgement for the Company. The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers the indicators on how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered in making the evaluation. Contract fulfillment costs are generally expensed as incurred. The assessment of this criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be used to satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established, which is generally on the date when shareholders approve the dividend in case of final dividend and approval by Board of Directors in case of interim dividend.
j) Finance income
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in the Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Finance income does not include dividend income, interest on income tax refund etc. which is included in other income.
k) Other income
Other income includes dividend income, interest on income tax refund, gain on sale of property, plant and equipment etc. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of property, plant and equipment is calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset.
l) Finance cost
Finance costs comprise Borrowing cost, interest expense on lease obligations, accretion of interest on site restoration obligation and security deposits received.
m) Income Taxes
The income tax expense comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recognised accordingly.
Current tax
The current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax rates, laws and regulations, which have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. The payment made in excess / (shortfall) of the Companyâs income tax obligation for the period are recognised in the balance sheet as current income tax assets / liabilities. Any interest, related to accrued
liabilities for potential tax assessments are not included in Income tax charge or (credit), but are rather recognised within finance costs. The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
The expense on dividends are linked directly to past transactions or events that generated distributable profits than to distribution to owners. Therefore the company shall recognise the income tax on dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The unrecognised deferred tax assets / carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date for recoverability and adjusted appropriately.
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are off-set against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet, if and only when, (a) the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off the current income tax assets and liabilities, and (b) when it relates to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.
n) Dividend Payments
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the
discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Companyâs Board of Directors.
o) Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which the services have been rendered. All employee benefits expected to be settled wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as an expense unless another Ind AS requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset. Benefits such as salaries, wages and short-term compensated absences and bonus etc. are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid after deducting any amount already paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
The Company post employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred compensation and compensated absences.
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees (including contractual employees as per their terms of contract) at retirement or termination of employment based on
respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.
The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out half yearly by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income forming part of the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligation towards the said benefit is recognised in the balance sheet as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the present value of the plan liabilities. Scheme liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method and applying the principal actuarial assumptions as at the date of Balance Sheet. Plan assets are assets that are held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies.
All expenses excluding remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance. The Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit
method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The amount charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in respect of these plans is included within operating costs.
p) Provisions
(i) General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e. unwinding of discount) is recognised as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
(ii) Contingent Assets/ Liabilities
Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
(iii) Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (âAROâ) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease.
ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the site restoration obligation. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
q) Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
r) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and
Mar 31, 2021
1. Corporate information
Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharfi Infrafel Limited) (âthe Company'' or âIndus'') was incorporated on November 30, 2006 with the object of, inter-alia, setting up, operating and maintaining wireless communication towers. The Company received the certificate of commencement of business on April 10, 2007 from the Registrar of Companies. The Company is publicly traded on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and BSE Limited. The Registered office of the Company is situated at 901, Park Centra, Sector-30 NH-8, Gurugram Haryana-122001.
The Scheme of amalgamation and arrangement between the Company and erstwhile Indus Towers Limited (a joint venture company) became effective on November 19, 2020. Upon implementation of the Scheme, the joint venture company (i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited) merged into the Company on a going concern basis. Further, the name of the Company was changed from Bharti Infratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020 vide fresh certificate of incorporation issued by Registrar of Companies.
Upon implementation of the Scheme and allotment of shares to indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Plc., in addition to existing promoters (representing Bharti Airtel Limited along with its wholly owned subsidiary Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited), the aforesaid indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Vodafone Group Plc. have also been classified as promoters of the Company. Bharti Airtel Limited along with its wholly owned subsidiary holds 41.73% shares and Vodafone Group Plc. through its indirect wholly owned subsidiary companies holds 28.12% shares in the Company as on March 31,2021.
The financial statements are approved for issuance by the Company''s Board of Directors on April 22, 2021.
2. a) Statement of Compliance
The Standalone financial statements (âfinancial statementsâ) have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) as amended from time to time.
The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention on accrual and going concern basis, except for the certain financial instruments which have been measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind ASs.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
All the amounts included in the financial statements are reported in millions of Indian Rupees (âRupees'' or âh'') and are rounded to the nearest million (Mn) except per share data and unless stated otherwise.
3. Merger of âerstwhile Indus Towers Limitedâ with âthe Companyâ
On April 25, 2018, Indus Towers Limited (formerly Bharti Infrafel Limited) (âthe Company'' or âTransferee Company'') and its Joint Venture Company erstwhile Indus Towers Limited (âerstwhile Indus'' or âTransferor Company'') and their respective shareholders and creditors entered into a scheme of amalgamation and arrangement (under section 230 to 232 and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 2013) (âScheme'') to create a pan-India tower company operating across all 22 telecom service areas. The Scheme has received requisite approvals from Competition Commission of India, Securities Exchange Board of India through BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited and FDI approval from Department of Telecommunications (âDoT''). The Company has also received approval from National Company Law Tribunal (âNCLT''), Chandigarh on May 31,2019 read with the order dated October 22, 2020. Furthermore, the Company has filed the certified copy of the NCLT order with the Registrar of Companies on November 19, 2020 i.e. the effective date of merger. Upon the Scheme becoming effective the erstwhile Indus stood dissolved without being wound-up.
As a result of above scheme, Bharti Airtel group through its subsidiary i.e Bharti Infratel Limited and Vodafone group through its joint venture i.e. erstwhile Indus Towers Limited contributed assets and liabilities to form a Joint arrangement in the name of Bharti Infratel Limited. Furthermore, the name of the Company has been changed from Bharti Infratel Limited to Indus Towers Limited w.e.f. December 10, 2020.
In compliance with the Scheme, 845,328,704 equity shares of the Company were issued to the shareholders of erstwhile Indus which have been recorded at face value of H 10 per equity share and H 37,642 Mn (inclusive of 41 Mn paid after effective date of merger) was paid to Vodafone Idea Limited (in lieu of cash option exercised for its shareholding of 11.15% in erstwhile Indus) by the Company. The stamp duty paid on issue of shares amounting to H 8 Mn has been debited to Securities Premium Account.
As per Indian Accounting Standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, no specific accounting guidance is given in case of formation of a joint arrangement, hence, the Company had an option to either account for such business combination using âPooling of interest'' method or adopt the âfair value'' method. The Company has adopted ''Pooling of interest'' method. Accordingly, all the assets, liabilities and reserves of erstwhile Indus have been recorded at their carrying amounts and in the form in which they appeared in the financial statements as at the date of merger. The financial information in the financial statement in respect of prior periods are not restated as the business combination was not involving entities under common control.
On the date of Scheme becoming effective, the Company has combined assets, liabilities and components of other equity of the erstwhile Indus on line by line basis. Furthermore, the Company has recognised impact of alignment of accounting practices a nd estimates of H 589 Mn through General Reserve and H 123 Mn (net of tax) through the Statement of profit and loss for the year ended March 31,2021.
A) The carrying balances of the erstwhile Indus which have been added to the respective line items in the Balance Sheet of the Company are as under:
Particulars |
Amount as on the effective date of merger |
Current assets |
|
Financial assets |
|
Trade receivables |
57,917 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
2 |
Other financial assets |
22,044 |
Other current assets |
1,970 |
81,933 |
|
Total assets |
357,242 |
Equity and liabilities |
|
Equity |
|
Equity share capital |
1 |
Other equity |
146,043 |
146,044 |
|
Liabilities |
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
Financial liabilities |
|
Borrowings |
9,101 |
Lease liabilities |
89,007 |
Other financial liabilities |
3,965 |
Provisions |
11,812 |
Deferred tax liabilities (net) |
2,216 |
Other non-current liabilities |
1,970 |
118,071 |
|
Current liabilities |
|
Financial liabilities |
|
Borrowings |
22,416 |
Trade payables |
|
Total outstanding dues of |
98 |
micro enterprises and small |
|
enterprises |
|
Total outstanding dues of |
25,173 |
creditors other than micro |
|
enterprises and small |
|
enterprises |
|
Lease liabilities |
17,765 |
Other financial liabilities |
17,099 |
Other current liabilities |
7,972 |
Provisions |
552 |
Current tax liabilities (net) |
2,052 |
93,127 |
|
Total liabilities |
211,198 |
Total equity and liabilities |
357,242 |
Particulars |
Amount as on the effective date of merger |
Assets |
|
Non current assets |
|
Property, plant and equipment |
164,884 |
Right of use assets |
82,228 |
Capital work-in-progress |
2,429 |
Intangible assets |
109 |
Financial assets |
|
Other financial assets |
9,166 |
Income tax assets (net) |
6,432 |
Other non-current assets |
10,061 |
275,309 |
B) The impact on other equity on the effective date of merger is as follows: |
||||||
Reserves and surplus |
Other comprehensive income |
Total equity J in Mn) |
||||
Particulars |
Capital reserve |
General reserve |
Merger capital reserve |
Retained earnings |
||
Reserves of erstwhile Indus |
4,536 |
73,257 |
â |
68,366 |
(116) |
146,043 |
Investment of the Company into erstwhile Indus* |
â |
(58,033) |
(1,888) |
(382) |
â |
(60,303) |
Cash paid to Vodafone Idea Limited (in lieu of cash option exercised for its shareholding of 11.15% in erstwhile Indus) by the Company |
(37,642) |
(37,642) |
||||
Share capital of erstwhile Indus less share capital issued by the Company |
â |
â |
(8,452) |
â |
â |
(8,452) |
Total |
4,536 |
15,224 |
(47,982) |
67,984 |
(116) |
39,646 |
âDuring the year ended March 31, 2014, under the Scheme of Arrangement (âIndus Schemeâ) under Section 391 to 394 of the Companies Act, 1956 for transfer of all assets and liabilities, as defined in Indus scheme, from Bharti Infratel Ventures Limited (BIVL), erstwhile wholly owned subsidiary Company, to erstwhile Indus was approved by the Honâble High Court of Delhi vide order dated April 18, 2013 and filed with the Registrar of Companies on June 11,2013 with appointed date April 1,2009 i.e. effective date of Indus Scheme and accordingly, effective June 11,2013, the erstwhile subsidiary Company has ceased to exist and had become part of erstwhile Indus. The Company was carrying investment in BIVL at H 59,921 Mn. Pursuant to Indus Scheme, the Company has additionally got 504 shares in erstwhile Indus in lieu of transfer of its investment in BIVL to erstwhile Indus and recorded these additional shares at their fair value of H 60,419 Mn in accordance with the scheme. The resultant gain of H 382 Mn (net of taxes H 116 Mn) has been disclosed as adjustment to carry forward balance of the Statement of Profit and Loss as at April 1, 2009.
The merger of erstwhile Indus with the Company has been accounted as per âPooling of interestâ method according to which the identity of the reserves (of the transferor) shall be preserved and shall appear in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the transferor. Consequently, all the reserves of the transferor (erstwhile Indus) have been recorded at their respective book values and their identity has been preserved.
Upon the merger becoming effective, the investment in Joint Venture (erstwhile Indus) has been cancelled by debiting the General Reserve to the extent available (i.e. H 58,033 Mn) in the books of the Transferee Company, which was created out of the âBAL Schemeâ (refer Note 44(a) for details of BAL scheme). There is no restriction for making adjustment to the reserves in the books of the transferee, and in accordance with the BAL scheme, such âGeneral Reserve shall constitute free reserve available for all purposes of the Company and to be utilised by the Company at its own discretion as it considers proper including in particular for off-setting any additional depreciation that may be charged by the Companyâ. Further, earlier recognised gain of H 382 Mn and deferred tax liability of H 116 Mn have been reversed
and the balance amount of investment in joint venture i.e. H 1,888 Mn has been debited to the merger Capital Reserve on account of cancellation of such investment.
In addition to above, difference between share capital of erstwhile Indus of H 1 Mn and shares issued by the Company of H 8,453 Mn and cash paid of H 37,642 Mn to the shareholders of the erstwhile Indus have resulted into debit balance of Merger Capital Reserve.
4. Significant accounting policies, judgements, estimates and assumptions
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress is stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment
are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4.2 regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Particulars |
Useful lives |
Office Equipment |
2 years / 5 years |
Computer |
3 years |
Vehicles |
5 years |
Furniture and Fixtures |
5 years |
Plant and Machinery |
3 to 20 Years |
Leasehold Improvement |
Period of Lease or useful life, whichever is less |
The existing useful lives and residual value of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing residual values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assets'' residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment (including assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement) except with an adjustment in decommissioning cost recognised as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the cost of the property, plant and equipment.
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount Is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortisation expense.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current assets include the current portion of non-current assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
Current liabilities include the current portion of long-term liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
The company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
The Company recognizes right-of-use asset (ROU) representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding lease liability at the
lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company may adopt the incremental borrowing rate for the entire portfolio of leases as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments.
The Company recognises the amount of the remeasurement of lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Where the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognizes any remaining amount of the remeasurement in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company may elect not to apply the requirements of Ind AS 116 to leases for which the underlying asset is
of low value. The lease payments associated with these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has opted to recognize the asset retirement obligation liability as part of the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment in accordance with Ind AS 16.
At the inception date, leases are classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
As a lessor, in accordance with Ind AS 116 the Company has created Revenue equalisation reserve (RER) for fixed escalation clauses present in non-cancellable lease agreements with the customers on prospective basis effective April 1, 2019.
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized,
with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Company''s estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on management''s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where nonvesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company''s cash management are
included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortised cost
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
This category applies to the Company''s trade receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part
of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
A âdebt instrument'' is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income.
The Company has classified investment in tax free bonds within this category.
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Company''s investment in government securities, mutual funds, taxable bonds and non convertible debentures.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a
measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, if any to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at fair value through Profit or loss. There are no such equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income in the company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment Ioss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company''s financial liabilities include borrowings, trade and other payables, security deposits, lease liabilities etc.
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind
AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc. After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an
activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The Company earns revenue primarily from rental services by leasing of passive infrastructure and energy revenue by the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring the promised services to the customers. Services are considered performed when the customer obtains control, whereby the customer gets the ability to direct the use of such services and substantially obtains all benefits from the services. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.
In order to determine, if it is acting as principal or as an agent, the entity shall determine whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified services itself (i.e. the entity is a principal) or to arrange for those services to be provided by the other party (i.e. the entity is an agent) for all its revenue arrangements.
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Rental revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms prescribed under master service agreement entered with customer. The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are straight lined over the period of the
r*nntrar*t
Exit Charges on site exit and equipment de-loading is recognised when uncertainty relating to such exit and deloading is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to recoverability of these charges will not occur.
Interest on delayed payment from operators is recognized as income when uncertainty relating to amount receivable is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to this amount will not occur.
Energy revenue is recognized over the period on a monthly basis upon satisfaction of performance obligation as per contracts with the customers. The transaction price is the consideration received from customers based on prices agreed as per the contract with the customers. The determination of standalone selling prices is not required as the transaction prices are stated in the contract based on the identified performance obligation.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized for the services rendered for the period falling after the last invoice raised to customer till the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the prices specified in the master service agreement with the customers, whereas invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as unearned revenues. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
The Company''s contracts with customers include promises to transfer services to a customer which are energy and rentals. Rentals are not covered within the scope of Ind AS 115, hence identification of distinct performance obligation within Ind AS 115 do not involve significant judgement.
Judgement is required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as discounts, service level credits, waivers etc. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
In evaluating whether a significant revenue reversal will not occur, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of the revenue reversal and evaluates factors which results in constraints such as historical experience of the Company with a particular type of contract, and the regulatory environment in which the customers operates which results in uncertainty which is less likely to be resolved in near future.
The Company provides volume discount to its customers based on slab defined in the revenue contracts. Contract also contains clause on Service Level Penalty/ rewards in case the Company is not able to maintain uptime level mentioned in the agreement. These discount/penalties are called variable consideration.
There is no additional impact of variable consideration as per Ind AS 115 since maximum discount is already being given to customer and the same is deducted from revenue.
There is no additional impact of SLA penalty as the Company already estimates SLA penalty amount and the same is provided for at each month end. The SLA penalty is presented as net off with revenue in the Statement of profit and loss.
Determination of standalone selling price does not involve significant judgement for the Company. The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers the indicators on how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered in making the evaluation. Contract fulfillment costs are generally expensed as incurred. The assessment of this criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be used to satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.
Dividend Income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established, which is generally on the date when shareholders approve the dividend in case of final dividend and approval by Board of Directors in case of interim dividend.
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets
at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in the Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Finance income does not include dividend income, interest on income tax refund etc. which is included in other income.
Other income includes dividend income, interest on income tax refund, gain on sale of property, plant and equipment etc. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of property, plant and equipment is calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset.
Finance costs comprise Borrowing cost, interest expense on lease obligations, accretion of interest on site restoration obligation and security deposits received.
The income tax expense comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recognised accordingly.
The current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax rates, laws and regulations, which have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. The payment made in excess / (shortfall) of the Company''s income tax obligation for the period are recognised in the balance sheet as current income tax assets / liabilities. Any interest, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are not included in Income tax charge or (credit), but are rather recognised within finance costs. The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
The expense on dividends are linked directly to past transactions or events that generated distributable profits than to distribution to owners. Therefore the company shall recognise the income tax on dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.
Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred fax is not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The unrecognised deferred tax assets / carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date for recoverability and adjusted appropriately.
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are off-set against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet, if and only when, (a) the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off the current income tax assets and liabilities, and (b) when it relates to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which the services have been rendered. All
employee benefits expected to be settled wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as an expense unless another Ind AS requires or permits the inclusion of the bene
Mar 31, 2019
1. Significant Accounting Policies
a) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress is stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4 regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
The existing useful lives of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing residual values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assetsâ residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment (including assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement) except with an adjustment in decommissioning cost recognised as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the cost of the property, plant and equipment.
b) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
c) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortisation expense.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
d) Current Versus Non-Current Classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
e) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of an arrangement at inception date: whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Company as a Lessee
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.
Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs policy on the borrowing costs.
Leased assets are depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight-lined. Contingent rents are recognized as expense in the period in Statement of Profit and Loss in which they are incurred.
Company as a Lessor
Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.
Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight lined. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
f) Share-Based Payments
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized, with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Companyâs estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on managementâs best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where non-vesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
g) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companyâs cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
h) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortised cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt Instruments at Amortised Cost
This category applies to the Companyâs trade receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt Instrument at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income.
The Company has classified investment in tax free bonds and Investment in commercial paper and certificate of deposits within this category.
Debt Instrument at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Companyâs investment in government securities, mutual funds, taxable bonds and non convertible debentures.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity Investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, if any to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at fair value through Profit or loss. Further, there are no such equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income in the company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits, etc.
Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
Financial Liabilities at Amortised Cost
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-Recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Reclassification of Financial Assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations.
If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
i) Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenue primarily from rental services by leasing of passive infrastructure and energy revenue by the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Effective April 1, 2018, the Company has applied Ind AS 115 âRevenue from Contracts with Customersâ which establishes a comprehensive framework to depict timing and amount of revenue to be recognised. The Company has adopted Ind AS 115 using cumulative effect method, where any effect arising upon application of this standard is recognised as at the date of initial application (i.e April 1, 2018). The standard is applied retrospectively only to contracts that are not completed as at the date of initial application and the comparative information in the interim statement of profit and loss is not restated - i.e. the comparative information continues to be reported under previous standards on revenue i.e Ind AS 18 and Ind AS 11. There was no impact on adoption of Ind AS 115 to the financial statements of the Company.
Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring the promised services to the customers. Services are considered performed when the customer obtains control, whereby the customer gets the ability to direct the use of such services and substantially obtains all benefits from the services. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.
In order to determine, if it is acting as principal or as an agent, the entity shall determine whether the nature of its promise is a performance obligation to provide the specified services itself (i.e. the entity is a principal) or to arrange for those services to be provided by the other party (i.e. the entity is an agent) for all its revenue arrangements.
Service Revenue
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation of sites.
Rental revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms prescribed under master service agreement entered with customer. The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are structured to increase in line with expected general inflationary increase in cost and therefore not straight lined.
Exit Charges is recognised when uncertainty relating to the amounts receivable on exit is resolved and it is probable that a significant reversal relating to the amounts receivable on exit will not occur .
Energy revenue is recognized over the period on a monthly basis upon satisfaction of performance obligation as per contracts with the customers. The transaction price is the consideration received from customers based on prices agreed as per the contract with the customers. The determination of standalone selling prices is not required as the transaction prices are stated in the contract based on the identified performance obligation.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized after the last invoice raised to customer to the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the prices specified in the master service agreement with the customers, whereas invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as unearned revenues. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
Use of Significant Judgements in Revenue Recognition
The Companyâs contracts with customers include promises to transfer services to a customer which are energy and rentals. Rentals are not covered within the scope of Ind AS 115, hence identification of distinct performance obligation within Ind AS 115 do not involve significant judgement.
Judgement is required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as discounts, service level credits, waivers etc. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
In evaluating whether a significant revenue reversal will not occur, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of the revenue reversal and evaluates factors which results in constraints such as historical experience of the Company with a particular type of contract, and the regulatory environment in which the customers operates which results in uncertainty which is less likely to be resolved in near future.
The Company provides volume discount to its customers based on slab defined in the revenue contracts. Contract also contains clause on Service Level Penalty/ rewards in case the Company is not able to maintain uptime level mentioned in the agreement. These discount/penalties are called variable consideration.
There is no additional impact of variable consideration as per Ind AS 115 since maximum discount is already being given to customer and the same is deducted from revenue.
There is no additional impact of SLA penalty as the Company already estimates SLA penalty amount and the same is provided for at each month end. The SLA penalty is presented as net off with revenue in the Statement of profit and loss.
Exit charges are recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss when the amounts due are collected and there is no uncertainty relating to discounts and waivers.
Determination of standalone selling price do not involve significant judgement for the Company. The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers the indicators on how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered in making the evaluation. Contract fulfillment costs are generally expensed as incurred. The assessment of this criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be used to satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established, which is generally on the date when shareholders approve the dividend in case of final dividend and approval by Board of Directors in case of interim dividend.
j) Finance Income
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Finance income does not include dividend income, interest on income tax refund etc. which is included in other income.
k) Taxes
The income tax expense comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recognised accordingly.
Current Tax
The current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax rates, laws and regulations, which have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. The payment made in excess / (shortfall) of the Companyâs income tax obligation for the period are recognised in the balance sheet as current income tax assets / liabilities. Any interest, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are not included in Income tax charge or (credit), but are rather recognised within finance costs. The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. The unrecognised deferred tax assets / carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date for recoverability and adjusted appropriately.
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are off-set against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet, if and only when, (a) the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off the current income tax assets and liabilities, and (b) when it relates to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.
l) Dividend Payments
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Companyâs Board of Directors.
m) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
n) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which the services have been rendered.
The Company post employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred compensation and compensated absences.
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees at retirement or termination of employment based on respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.
The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out quarterly as at the reporting date by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income forming part of Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligation towards the said benefit is recognised in the balance sheet as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the present value of the plan liabilities. Scheme liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method and applying the principal actuarial assumptions as at the date of Balance Sheet. Plan assets are assets that are held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies.
All expenses excluding remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance. The Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The amount charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in respect of these plans is included within operating costs.
o) Provisions
(i) General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e. unwinding of discount) is recognised as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
(ii) Contingent Assets/ Liabilities
Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
(iii) Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease.
ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the site restoration obligation. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
p) Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
q) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
I. Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
II. Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
III. Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value measurement. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
r) Foreign Currency
Functional and Presentation Currency
The Companyâs financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Companyâs functional currency. Presentation currency is the currency in which the companyâs financial statements are presented. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. All the financial information presented in Indian Rupees (INR) has been rounded to the nearest of million rupees, except where otherwise stated.
Transactions and Balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
4. Significant Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of the Companyâs financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
Judgements
In the process of applying the Companyâs accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:
a) Operating Lease Commitments - Company as Lessor
The Company has assessed that its master service agreement (âMSAâ) with operators contains lease of its tower sites and plant and equipment and has determined, based on evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements such as various lessees sharing the same tower sites with specific area, the fair value of the asset and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties retained by the Company, that such contracts are in the nature of operating lease and has accounted for as such.
The Company has ascertained that the annual escalations in the lease payment received under the MSA are structured to compensate the expected inflationary increase in cost and therefore has not been straight-lined.
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company has based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
b) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The carrying amounts of the Companyâs non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets, are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (âCGUâ) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (âCGUâ).
The Companyâs corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs.
An impairment loss is recognized, if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount and are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill, if any, allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.
Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at end of each reporting period for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss except when the asset is carried at revalued amount, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
c) Property, Plant and Equipment
Refer Note 3(a) for the estimated useful life of Property, plant and equipment.
Property, plant and equipment also represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. Therefore, the estimates and assumptions made to determine their carrying value and related depreciation are critical to the Companyâs financial position and performance.
The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an assetâs expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. Increasing an assetâs expected life or its residual value would result in a reduced depreciation charge in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The useful lives and residual values of Company assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.
During the financial year 2014-15, the Company had reassessed the useful life and residual value of all its assets, accordingly, effective April 1, 2014, it has revised the useful life of certain class of shelters from 15 years to 10 years and revised the residual value of certain plant and machineries (batteries and DG sets) from Nil and 5% to 25% and 10%, respectively.
Further, with effect from April 1, 2018, the Company has reassessed the residual value of batteries and Diesel generators from 25% to 35% and from 1 0% to 20% respectively.
Set out below is impact of such change on future period depreciation:-
d) Allowance of Doubtful Trade Receivable
The expected credit loss is mainly based on the ageing of the receivable balances and historical experience. Based on the industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates, management considers that the trade receivables are provided if the payment are more than 90 days past due. The receivables are assessed on an individual basis or grouped into homogeneous groups and assessed for impairment collectively, depending on their significance. Moreover, trade receivables are written off on a case-to-case basis if deemed not to be collectible on the assessment of the underlying facts and circumstances.
e) Asset Retirement Obligation
The Company uses various leased premises to install its tower assets. A provision is recognised for the cost to be incurred for the restoration of these premises at the end of the lease period, which is estimated based on actual quotes, which are reasonable and appropriate under these circumstances. It is expected that these provisions will be utilised at the end of the lease period of the respective sites as per respective lease agreements.
f) Share Based Payment
The Company initially measures the cost of cash-settled transactions with employees using a binomial model to determine the fair value of the liability incurred. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. For cash-settled share-based payment transactions, the liability needs to be remeasured at the end of each
reporting period up to the date of settlement, with any changes in fair value recognised in the profit or loss. This requires a reassessment of the estimates used at the end of each reporting period.
5. Recent Accounting Pronouncement Issued but Not Yet Effective Upto the Date of Issuance of Financial Statements
a) Ind AS 116, Leases
Ind AS 116 - âLeasesâ was notified on 30th March. 2019, which is applicable for the accounting period beginning from 1st April 2019. For lessees, the standard eliminates the classification of leases as either operating or finance, as required by Ind AS 17, and instead introduces a single lease accounting model. Applying that model a lessee is required to recognize, (a) assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value and (b) depreciation of leased assets separately from interest on lease liabilities in the income statement. Lessor Accounting under Ind AS 116 will not be having any transitional impact on initial recognition. Under Ind AS 17, the company was charging lease rental in statement of Profit and loss, which would be charged as depreciation and finance cost under Ind AS 116, having a favourable impact on EBITDA.
A lessor shall recognise lease payments from leases as income on either straight-line or another systematic basis. The standard permits two possible methods of transition:
- Full retrospective - Retrospectively to each prior period presented applying Ind AS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
- Modified retrospective - Retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the Standard recognized at the date of initial application.
Under modified retrospective approach, the lessee records the lease liability at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the incremental borrowing rate and the right of use asset either at:
- Its carrying amount as if the standard had been applied since the commencement date, but discounted at lesseeâs incremental borrowing rate at the date of initial application or
- An amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments related to that lease recognized under Ind AS 17 immediately before the date of initial application.
The company is in the process of evaluating the impact of transitioning from old standard i.e Ind AS 17 to new standard i.e Ind AS 116 and the transition approach.
b) Appendix C to Ind AS 12, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments
This Appendix clarifies how to apply the recognition and measurement requirements in Ind AS 12 when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. In such a circumstance, an entity shall recognise and measure its current or deferred tax asset or liability applying the requirements in Ind AS 12 based on taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates determined applying this Appendix. There is no impact on the company due to notification of this Appendix.
c) Amendment to Ind AS 12- Income Taxes
On March. 30, 2019, the amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12, âIncome Taxesâ, in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes.
The amendment clarifies that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.
The amendment is effective from annual period beginning from April 1, 2019. There Company is currently evaluating the effect of this amendment.
d) Amendment to Ind AS 19- Employee Benefits
On March. 30, 2019, the amendments to Ind AS 19, in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements. The amendments require an entity, to use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and to recognise in profit or loss as part of past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognised because of the impact of the asset ceiling.
Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The Company does not have any impact on account of this amendment.
Mar 31, 2018
1. Significant accounting policies
a) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress is stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4 regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
The existing useful lives of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing realizable values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assetsâ residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment (including assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement) except with an adjustment in decommissioning cost recognised as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the cost of the property, plant and equipment.
b) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
c) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortisation expense.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of
Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
d) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
e) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of an arrangement at inception date: whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Company as a Lessee
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.
Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs policy on the borrowing costs.
Leased assets are depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight-lined. Contingent rents are recognized as expense in the period in Statement of Profit and Loss in which they are incurred.
Company as a Lessor
Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.
Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight lined. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
f) Share-based payments
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized, with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Companyâs estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on managementâs best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where nonvesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
g) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companyâs cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
h) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortised cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt Instruments at Amortised Cost
This category applies to the Companyâs trade receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income.
The Company has classified investment in tax free bonds and Investment in commercial paper and certificate of deposits within this category.
Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Companyâs investment in government securities, mutual funds, taxable bonds and non convertible debentures.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination, if any to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at fair value through Profit or loss. Further, there are no such equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income in the company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits, etc.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
Financial Liabilities at Amortised cost
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Reclassification of Financial Assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
i) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria, i.e., whether it has exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services, in order to determine if it is acting as principal or as an agent. The Company has concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized.
Service revenue
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation sites. Rental revenue and energy revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms under agreements entered with customer.
The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are structured to increase in line with expected general inflationary increase in cost and therefore not straight-lined.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized after the last invoice raised to customer to the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the rates specified in the master service agreement with the operators. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognised when the Companyâs right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend in case of final dividend and approval by Board of Directors in case of interim dividend.
j) Finance income
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
k) Taxes
The income tax expense comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recognised accordingly.
Current tax
The current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax rates, laws and regulations, which have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. The payment made in excess / (shortfall) of the Companyâs income tax obligation for the period are recognised in the balance sheet as current income tax assets / liabilities. Any interest, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are not included in Income tax charge or (credit), but are rather recognised within finance costs. The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. The unrecognised deferred tax assets / carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date for recoverability and adjusted appropriately.
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are off-set against each other and the resultant net amount is presented in the balance sheet, if and only when, (a) the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off the current income tax assets and liabilities, and (b) when it relates to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.
l) Dividend Payments
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Companyâs Board of Directors.
m) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
n) Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which the services have been rendered.
The Company post employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred compensation and compensated absences.
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees at retirement or termination of employment based on respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.
The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out quarterly as at the reporting date by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income forming part of Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligation towards the said benefit is recognised in the balance sheet as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the present value of the plan liabilities. Scheme liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method and applying the principal actuarial assumptions as at the date of Balance Sheet. Plan assets are assets that are held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies.
All expenses excluding remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance. The Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The amount charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in respect of these plans is included within operating costs.
o) Provisions
(i) General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e. unwinding of discount) is recognised as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
(ii) Contingent Assets/ Liabilities
Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
(iii) Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease.
ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the site restoration obligation. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in
the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
p) Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
q) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
I. Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
II. Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
III. Level 3- Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value measurement. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
r) Foreign Currency Functional and presentation currency
The Companyâs financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Companyâs functional currency. Presentation currency is the currency in which the companyâs financial statements are presented. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. All the financial information presented in Indian Rupees (INR) has been rounded to the nearest of million rupees, except where otherwise stated.
Transactions and Balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
Mar 31, 2017
1. Corporate information
Bharti Infratel Limited (âthe Companyâ or âBILâ) was incorporated on November 30, 2006 with the object of, inter-alia, setting up, operating and maintaining wireless communication towers. The Company received the certificate of commencement of business on April 10, 2007 from the Registrar of Companies. The Registered office of the Company is situated at Bharti Crescent, I, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, Phase - II, New Delhi - 110070.
Bharti Infratel Limited is a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel Limited (âBALâ) and BAL holds 50.33% shares in the Company. Nettle Infrastructure Investments Limited, Wholly owned Subsidiary of BAL is also holding II.32% shares in the Company as on March 31, 2017.
The Company is publicly traded on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and BSE Limited.
The Company had entered into a joint venture agreement with Vodafone India Limited and Aditya Birla Telecom Limited to provide passive infrastructure services in 15 Telecom circles of India and formed Indus Towers Limited for such purpose which is a Company incorporated in India. The Company and Vodafone India Limited are holding approximately 42% each in Indus Towers Limited,11.15% is held by Aditya Birla Telecom Limited and the balance 4.85% is held by P5 Asia Holding Investment (Mauritius) Limited.
A wholly owned subsidiary, Smartx Services Limited, has been incorporated on September 21, 2015 with the object of transmission through Optic Fibre Cables and setting up Wi-Fi hotspots for providing services to telecom operators and others on sharing basis. During the year, Smartx Services Limited was selected as a successful bidder along with Bharti Infratel Limited and others by Bhopal Smart City Development Corporation Limited for implementing Smart city projects in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
The wholly owned subsidiary, Bharti Infratel Services Limited, had applied during F.Y 2015-16 to the Registrar of Companies to strike off the name of the Company from the Register of the Companies under Fast Track Exit Mode. During the year, name of Bharti Infratel Services Limited was striked off by the Registrar of the Companies.
The financial statements were authorized for issue in accordance with resolution of the directors on May 08, 2017.
2. Basis of preparation
a) Statement of compliance
These Standalone financial statements (âfinancial statementsâ) have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.
b) Basis of preparation
These financial statements are covered by Ind AS 101: First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) being first Ind AS annual financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 and are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards(Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended. The Ind AS accounting policies as compared to most recent annual financial statements prepared under Indian GAAP (âPrevious GAAPâ). Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the financial statements.
For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (Indian GAAP). The transition was carried out from the accounting principles generally accepted in India (Indian GAAP) which is considered as previous GAAP as defined in Ind AS 101. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has impacted the Companyâs equity and profits is provided in Note 44.
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual and going concern basis and the historical cost convention, except for the certain financial assets, financial liabilities and certain other items which have been measured at fair value as required under relevant Ind AS.
All the amounts included in the financial statements are reported in millions of Indian Rupees (âRupeesâ or T), and are rounded to the nearest million (Mn) except per share data and unless stated otherwise.
3. Summary of significant accounting policies
a) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment including Capital work in progress is stated at cost, except assets acquired under Schemes of Arrangement, which are stated at fair values as per the Schemes, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the Property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as separate component of assets with specific useful lives and provides depreciation over their useful life. Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer note 4 regarding significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.
Assets are depreciated to the residual values on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
The existing useful lives of tangible assets are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing realizable values of tangible assets are different from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual realization.
The assetsâ residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for impairment, and adjusted prospectively.
b) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
At initial recognition, the separately acquired intangible assets are recognized at cost. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Software is capitalized at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortized over the period of license, generally not exceeding three years
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.
c) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
I n assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss as a component of depreciation and amortization expense.
A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited to the extent the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is carried at the revalued amount, in which case the reverse is treated as a revaluation increase.
d) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
Held primarily for the purpose of trading
Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
I t is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
e) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of an arrangement at inception date: whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Company as a Lessee
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.
Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the
Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs policy on the borrowing costs.
Leased assets are depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight-lined. Contingent rents are recognized as expense in the period in Statement of Profit and Loss in which they are incurred.
Company as a Less or
Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Leases where the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.
Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and escalation in the contract, which are structured to compensate expected general inflationary increase are not straight lined. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
f) Share-based payments
The Company issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based options to certain employees. These are measured at fair value on the date of grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest.
The fair value determined on the grant date of the cash settled share based options is expensed over the vesting period, based on the Companyâs estimate of the shares that will eventually vest. At the end of the each reporting period, until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is recognized, with any changes in fair value pertaining to the vested period recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
At the vesting date, the Companyâs estimate of the shares expected to vest is revised to equal the number of equity shares that ultimately vest.
Fair value is measured using Black-Scholes framework and is recognized as an expense, together with a corresponding increase in equity/ liability as appropriate, over the period in which the options vest using the graded vesting method. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on managementâs best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioral considerations. The expected volatility and forfeiture assumptions are based on historical information.
Where the terms of a share-based payments are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it is vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. This includes any award where non-vesting conditions within the control of either the entity or the employee are not met. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options if any, is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
g) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companyâs cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows.
h) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
Debt instruments at amortized cost
Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)
Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt Instruments at Amortized Cost
The category applies to the Companyâs trade receivables, unbilled revenue, other bank balances, security deposits etc.
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding
This category is most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income.
The Company has classified investment in bonds and Investment in commercial paper and corporate deposits within this category.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization at amortized cost or at FVTOCI, is classified at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category applies to the Companyâs investment in mutual funds and Government securities.
I n addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. There are no such investments in the Company.
De-recognition:- A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
a) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangements and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the Financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortized cost e.g Trade receivables, unbilled revenue etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
Financial Liabilities
Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings or payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits, etc.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
Financial Liabilities at Amortized cost
This category includes security deposit received, trade payables etc After initial recognition, such liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Reclassification of Financial Assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
i) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria, i.e., whether it has exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the rendering of services, in order to determine if it is acting as principal or as an agent. The Company has concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized.
Service revenue
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of sites and energy revenue for the provision of energy for operation sites. Rental revenue and energy revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms under agreements entered with customer.
The Company has ascertained that the lease payment received are structured to increase in line with expected general inflationary increase in cost and therefore not straight-lined.
Unbilled revenue represents revenues recognized from the last invoice raised to customer to the period end. These are billed in subsequent periods based on the rates specified in the master service agreement with the operators. The Company collects service tax on behalf of the government and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company, hence it is excluded from revenue.
Finance income
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and that are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in Statement of Profit and Loss, using the effective interest rate (EIR) which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognized when the Companyâs right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
j) Taxes
Current tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, by the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). The management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:
when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill, if any or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit / loss.
i n respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized except:
when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit /loss.
in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
k) Dividend Payments
Final dividend is recognized, when it is approved by the shareholders and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. However, Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Companyâs Board of Directors.
l) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
m) Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognized in the period during which the services have been rendered.
The Company post employment benefits include defined benefit plan and defined contribution plans. The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred compensation and compensated absences.
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a statutory authority and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss when the related services are rendered. The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions.
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company provides retirement obligation in the form of Gratuity. Under the plan, a lump sum payment is made to eligible employees at retirement or termination of employment based on respective employee salary and years of experience with the Company.
The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out quarterly as at the reporting date by an independent qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligation towards the said benefit is recognized in the balance sheet as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the present value of the plan liabilities. Scheme liabilities are calculated using the projected unit credit method and applying the principal actuarial assumptions as at the date of Balance Sheet. Plan assets are assets that are held by a long-term employee benefit fund or qualifying insurance policies.
All expenses excluding remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset), in respect of defined benefit plans are recognized in the profit or loss as incurred. Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset)), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences based on the unveiled leave balance. The Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The amount charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in respect of these plans is included within operating costs.
n) Provisions
(i) General
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.
I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using
a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time (i.e unwinding of discount) is recognized as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
(ii) Contingent Assets/ Liabilities Contingent assets are not recognized. However, when realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognized as an asset.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in notes to accounts when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
(iii) Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease.
ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pretax rate that reflects the risks specific to the site restoration obligation. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
o) Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
p) Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
In the principal market for the asset or liability
I n the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
I. Level 1- Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
II. Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e as prices) or indirectly (i.e derived from prices)
III. Level 3- Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarizes accounting policy for fair value measurement. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
q) Foreign Currency
Functional and presentation currency The Companyâs financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Companyâs functional currency. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. All the financial information presented in Indian Rupees (INR) has been rounded to the nearest of million rupees, except where otherwise stated.
Transactions and Balances Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in Statement of Profit or Loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
r) Corporate social responsibility expenditure
Pursuant to the requirements of section 135 of the Act and rules thereon and guidance note on âAccounting for expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility activitiesâ issued by ICAI, with effect from April 1, 2015, CSR expenditure is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Mar 31, 2016
1. Corporate Information
Bharti Infratel Limited (''the Company'' or ''BIL'') incorporated on
November 30, 2006 with the object of, inter-alia, setting up, operating
and maintaining wireless communication towers. The Company received the
certificate of commencement of business on April 10, 2007 from the
Registrar of Companies. The Registered office of the Company is
situated at Bharti Crescent, 1, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, Phase
- II, New Delhi -110070.
The Company has entered into a joint venture agreement with Vodafone
India Limited and Aditya Birla Telecom Limited to provide passive
infrastructure services in 15 telecom circles of India and formed Indus
Towers Limited (''Indus'') for such purpose. The Company and Vodafone
India Limited are holding approximately 42% each in Indus and the
balance 16% is held by Aditya Birla Telecom Limited. The Company''s
shares are publically traded on National Stock Exchange and BSE India.
The wholly owned subsidiary, Bharti Infratel Services Limited, has been
incorporated on June 4, 2013 with the object of providing operation and
management services of all kinds in the field of telecom infrastructure
(both active and passive), telecom equipments, wireless communication
towers, either on its own or in alliance with any other
Person/Body/Bodies Corporate incorporated in India or abroad. The
company was evaluating various business opportunities, but due to
various reasons remained inoperative since incorporation. In view of
this, Board of Directors at their meeting held on March 29, 2016 have
agreed to initiate the process of striking off the name of the Company
from the Register of Registrar of Companies under Fast Track Exit Mode.
A wholly owned subsidiary, Smartx Services Limited, has been
incorporated on September 21, 2015 with the object of transmission
through Optic Fibre Cables and setting up Wi-Fi hotspots for providing
services to telecom operators and others on sharing basis.
2. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 (the ''Act''), read together
with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on
an accrual basis except in case of assets for which fair valuation is
carried out. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of
financial statements are consistent with those of previous year except
as mentioned in para 2.1 (r) below.
2.1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
a. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with Indian
GAAP and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
results of operations during the reporting period. Although these
estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events
and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.
b. Tangible Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, except for assets
acquired under Scheme of Arrangement (refer note 41), which are stated
at fair values at the date of acquisition as per Schemes net of
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The
cost comprises cost of acquisition, including taxes and duties (net of
CENVAT credit), freight and other incidental expenses related to
acquisition and installation.
Site restoration cost obligations arising from site acquisition are
capitalised when it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount
can be made.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure are charged to the statement of
profit and loss for the year during which such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Depreciation on Tangible Fixed Assets
Depreciation on tangible assets is calculated on a straight-line basis
using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the
management. The Company has used the following lives to provide
depreciation on its tangible assets:
The existing useful lives of tangible assets are different from the
useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Act, and
the Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of
technical evaluation and actual usage period.
The existing realisable values of certain tangible assets are different
from 5% as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Act, and the
Company believes that this is the best estimate on the basis of actual
realisation.
The site restoration cost obligation capitalised as part of plant and
machinery is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset.
Also, refer note 44 below.
d. Intangible Assets and Amortisation Expense
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Software is capitalised at the amounts paid
to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the
period of licence, generally not exceeding three years.
Amortisation is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic lives of
intangible assets from the date they are available for use. The
amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at each
balance sheet date. If the expected useful life of the asset is
significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation
period is changed accordingly.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of intangible assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
e. Leases
Where the Company is lessee
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased asset,
are capitalised at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the
fair value of the leased asset and present value of minimum lease
payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges
and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate
of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges
are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful
life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that
the Company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the
capitalised asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the
shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
non-cancellable lease term.
Where the Company is lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
non-cancellable lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are
recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is
recognised for the amount by which the assets'' carrying amount exceeds
its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the
assets'' fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Impairment
losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss under the
caption depreciation and amortisation expense.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the
lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows
(cash generating units).
h. Investments
Investments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as non-current investments.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Non-current investments are carried at cost, except for investment in
Indus, which is stated at fair value as per the Scheme of Arrangement
(refer note 43). However, provision for diminution in value is made to
recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the
investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
i. Revenue Recognition and Receivables
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Revenues
Revenues include revenue from the use of sites and energy charges
received from customers. Revenue is recognised as and when services
are rendered. If the payment terms in the service agreements include
fixed escalations, the effect of such increases is recognised on a
straight-line basis over the fixed, non-cancellable term of the
agreement, as applicable.
Unbilled receivables represent revenues recognised from the last
invoice raised to customer to the year end. These are billed in
subsequent periods based on the terms of agreement with the customers.
The Company collects service tax on behalf of the Government of India
and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company.
Hence it is excluded from revenue.
Interest
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate.
Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the
statement of profit and loss.
Dividend
Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive
dividend is established by the reporting date.
Provision for doubtful debts
As per the policy, the Company provides for amount outstanding for more
than 105 days from the invoice date in case of site sharing operators
other than from Bharti Airtel Limited (Parent Company) or in specific
cases where management is of the view that the amounts for certain
customers are not recoverable.
j. Foreign Currency Transactions and Balances
Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items or on
restatement of the Company''s monetary items at rates different from
those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or
reported in previous financial statements, are taken to the statement
of profit and loss.
k. Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the year during which
the services have been rendered.
All employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the
provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Contribution to
provident fund is recognised as and when the services are rendered.
Both the employee and the employer make monthly contributions to the
plan at a predetermined rate of the employees'' basic salary. These
contributions are made to the fund administered and managed by the
Government of India. In addition, some employees of the Company are
covered under the employees'' state insurance schemes, which are also
defined contribution schemes recognised and administered by the
Government of India.
The Company''s contributions to both these schemes are expensed in the
statement of profit and loss. The Company has no further obligations
under these plans beyond its monthly contributions.
The Company provides for Gratuity obligations through a defined benefit
retirement plan covering all employees. The cost of providing benefits
under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at
each reporting period end. Actuarial valuation is carried out using the
projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised
in full in the year in which they occur in the statement of profit and
loss.
The Company provides other benefits in the form of compensated absences
and long term service awards. The employees of the Company are entitled
to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance. The
Company records liability based on actuarial valuation computed under
projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately
taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The
Company presents the entire leave encashment liability as a current
liability in the balance sheet, since the Company does not have an
unconditional right to defer its settlement for more than 12 months
after the reporting date.
Under the long term service award plan, a lump sum payment is made to
an employee on completion of specified years of service. The Company
records the liability based on actuarial valuation computed under
projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately
taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.
I. Income Taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdiction where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted at the reporting date. Current income tax
relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable
profits.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it
becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation
authority.
m. Employee Stock/Cash Option Plan
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for options to buy equity instruments (equity-settled
transactions).
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share
Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014, and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the Black-Scholes /
Lattice Valuation option pricing model and the fair value is recognised
as an expense over the period in which the options vest, on a straight
line basis, together with a corresponding increase in the "Stock
options outstanding account" in reserves. The cumulative expense
recognised for equity- settled transactions at each reporting date
until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period
has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of options to
buy equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit
recognised in the statement of profit and loss for a year represents
the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and
end of that year and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified,
the minimum expense recognised is the expense as if the terms had not
been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An
additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases
the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of
modification.
For cash-settled share-based payments, a liability is recognised for
the services acquired, measured initially at the fair value of the
liability. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is
settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability
is remeasured, with any changes in fair value recognised in the
statement of profit and loss for the year with a corresponding change
in liabilities.
n. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
o. Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined
based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
p. Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements.
q. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and on hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
r. Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditure
Pursuant to the requirements of section 135 of the Act and rules
thereon and guidance note on "Accounting for expenditure on Corporate
Social Responsibility activities" issued by ICAI, with effect from
April 1, 2015, CSR expenditure is recognised as an expense in the
Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.
During previous year, CSR expenditure was accounted for as an
appropriation to the Statement of Profit and Loss, pursuant to FAQs on
accounting of CSR, as issued by ICAI earlier.
The impact of change in accounting policy is not material in relation
to these financial statements and therefore, the same has not been
disclosed.
Mar 31, 2013
A. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (Indian GAAP) and requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the results of operations during
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from these estimates.
b. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, except for assets
acquired under the Scheme of Arrangement from Bharti Airtel Limited
(refer note 44), which are stated at fair values as per the Scheme, net
of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The cost comprises cost of acquisition, including taxes and duties (net
of CENVAT credit), freight and other incidental expenses related to
acquisition and installation.
Site restoration cost obligations are capitalized when it is probable
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation
and a reliable estimate of the amount can be made.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure are charged to the statement of
profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis
using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the
management, or those prescribed under the Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956, whichever is higher. The Company has used the following
rates to provide depreciation on its fixed assets:
The site restoration cost obligation capitalized as part of plant and
machinery is depreciated over the period of the useful life of the
related asset.
d. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Software is capitalized at the amounts paid
to acquire the respective license for use and is amortized over the
period of licence, generally not exceeding three years.
Amortization is recognized in statement of profit and loss on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic lives of
intangible assets from the date they are available for use. The
amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at each
balance sheet date. If the expected useful life of the asset is
significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization
period is changed accordingly.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of intangible assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
e. Leases
Where the Company is Lessee
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased asset,
are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the
fair value of the leased asset and present value of minimum lease
payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges
and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate
of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges
are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful
life of the asset or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956, whichever is lower. However, if there is no
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the ownership by the
end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a
straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of
the asset, the lease term or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV
to the Companies Act, 1956.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the
non-cancellable lease term.
Where the Company is Lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
non-cancellable lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are
recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is
recognized for the amount by which the assets'' carrying amount exceeds
its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the
assets'' fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Impairment
losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss under the
caption depreciation and amortization expense.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the
lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows
(cash generating units).
h. Investments
Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as non-current investments.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Non-current investments are carried at cost, except for investment in
Bharti Infratel Ventures Limited (BIVL), which is stated at fair value
as per the BIVL Scheme of Arrangement (refer note 42). However,
provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other
than temporary in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
i. Revenue recognition and receivables
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Revenues
Revenues include revenue from the use of sites and energy charges
received from customers. Revenue is recognized as and when services are
rendered. If the payment terms in the service agreements include fixed
escalations, the effect of such increases is recognized on a
straight-line basis over the fixed, non-cancellable term of the
agreement, as applicable.
Unbilled receivables represent revenues recognized from the last
invoice raised to customer to the period end. These are billed in
subsequent periods based on the terms of agreement with the customers.
The Company collects service tax on behalf of the Government of India
and therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company.
Hence it is excluded from revenue.
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate.
Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the
statement of profit and loss.
Dividends
Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive
dividend is established by the reporting date.
Provision for doubtfuL debts
The Company provides for amounts outstanding for more than 105 days
from the invoice date in case of site sharing debtors other than from
the parent company or in specific cases where management is of the view
that the amounts for certain customers are not recoverable.
j. Foreign currency transactions and balances
InitiaL recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items or on
restatement of the Company''s monetary items at rates different from
those at which they were initially recorded during the period, or
reported in previous financial statements, are taken to the statement
of profit and loss.
k. Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognized in the period during which
the services have been rendered.
All employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the
provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Contribution to
provident fund is recognized as and when the services are rendered.
Both the employee and the employer make monthly contributions to the
plan at a predetermined rate of the employees'' basic salary. These
contributions are made to the fund administered and managed by the
Government of India. In addition, some employees of the Company are
covered under the employees'' state insurance schemes, which are also
defined contribution schemes recognized and administered by the
Government of India.
The Company''s contributions to both these schemes are expensed in the
statement of profit and loss. The Company has no further obligations
under these plans beyond its monthly contributions.
The Company provides for Gratuity obligations through a defined benefit
retirement plan covering all employees. The cost of providing benefits
under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at
each reporting period end. Actuarial valuation is carried out using the
projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized
in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit
and loss.
The Company also provides other benefits in the form of deferred
compensation and compensated absences. The employees of the Company are
entitled to compensated absences based on the unavailed leave balance
as well as other long term benefits. The Company records liability
based on actuarial valuation computed under projected unit credit
method. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the statement
of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the
entire leave encashment liability as a current liability in the balance
sheet, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer
its settlement for more than 12 months after the reporting date.
l. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.
Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdiction where
the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted at the reporting date. Current income
tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in
equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation
authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to statement of
the profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, ie. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be
carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes mAt credit
as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for
Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement". The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period.
m. Employee stock compensation cost
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for options to buy equity instruments (equity-settled
transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the Black Scholes /
Lattice Valuation option pricing model and the fair value is recognized
as an expense over the period in which the options vest, on a straight
line basis, together with a corresponding increase in the "Stock
options outstanding account" in reserves. The cumulative expense
recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until
the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has
expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of options to buy
equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit
recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents
the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and
end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified,
the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not
been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An
additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases
the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of
modification.
n. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
o. Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined
based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
p. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements.
q. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
r. Measurement of EBITDA
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate
line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In its
measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization
expense, finance costs and tax expense.
Mar 31, 2009
1. BASIS OF PREPARATION
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects in respects with the Notified accounting standards by
Companies Accounting Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions
of the Companies Act, 1956, The financial statements have been prepared
under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except in case
of assets for which provision for impairment is made and revaluation is
carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by
the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
3. FIXED ASSETS
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition except for assets
acquired under the Scheme of Arrangement from Bharti Alrtel Limited,
which are stated at fair values as per the Scheme (refer Note 2(b) to
Schedule 17, and subsequent improvements thereto, including taxes &
duties (net of cenvat credit), freight and other incidental expenses
related to acquisition and installation. Capital work-in- progress
stated at cost.
Site restoration cost obligations are capitalized when it is probable
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation
and a reliable estimate of the amount can be made.
4. DEPRECIATION
Depreciation is provided using Straight Line Method as per the useful
lives of assets; or at the rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956, whichever is higher, as follows:
Useful lives
Office Equipment 5 years/2 years
Computer 3 years
Vehicles 5 years
Furniture and Fixtures 5 years
Plant & Machinery 3 to 20 Years
Leasehold Land Period of lease
Leasehold Improvement Period of Lease or Useful life whichever is less
The site restoration cost obligation capitalized is depreciated over
the period of the useful life of the related asset.
Fixed Assets costing up to Rs 5 thousand are being fully depreciated
within one year from the date of acquisition.
5. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RECEIVABLES
Services Revenue '
Service revenue includes revenue from use of sites and reimbursement of
energy charges, rent, security and maintenance charges. Revenue for use
of sites are recognised as and when services are rendered. If the
payment terms in the service agreements include fixed escalations, the
effect of such increases is recognised on a straight line basis over
the fixed, non-cancellable term of the agreement, as applicable.
Investing and other Activities
Income on account of interest and other activities are recognised on an
accrual basis. Dividends are accounted for when the right to receive
the payment is established.
Provision for doubtful debts
The Company provides for amounts outstanding for more than 90 days in
case of site sharing debtors other than Group debtors or in specific
cases where management is of the view that the amounts for certain
customers are not recoverable.
6. INVESTMENT
Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair market value
determined on individual basis.
Long term Investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for
diminution in value to recognise a decline, if any, other than that of
temporary nature.
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Short Term Employee Benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised in the period during which
the services have been rendered.
Long Term Employee Benefits
a) Defined Contribution plan
Provident Fund and employees' state insurance schemes
All employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the
Provident Fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee
and the employer make monthly contributions to the plan at a
predetermined rate (presently 12%) of the employees' basic salary.
These contributions are made to the fund administered and managed by
the Government of India.
The Company's contributions to the scheme is expensed in the Profit and
Loss Account. The Company has no further obligations under these plans
beyond its monthly contributions,
b) Defined Benefit plan
Leave Encashment
The Company provides for the liability of unveiled earned leave as per
the actuarial valuation at year end as per Projected Unit Credit
Method.
Gratuity
The Company provides for gratuity obligations through a defined benefit
retirement plan (the "Gratuity Plan') covering all employees. The
Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at
retirement or termination of employment based on the respective
employee salary and years of employment with the Company. The Company
provides for the Gratuity Plan based on actuarial valuations in
accordance with Accounting Standard 15 (revised), "Employee Benefits "
c) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
d) Actuarial gains and losses are recognized as and when incurred.
8.LEASES
a) Where the Company is the lessor
Service agreements in respect of tower assets are in the nature of
operating leases and such service revenue is recognized in the Profit
and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. If the
payment term include fixed escalation clause in non-cancelable lease,
the effect of such increase is recognised on a straight line basis.
b) Where the Company is the lessee
Lease Rentals with respect to assets taken on 'Operating Lease' are
charged to the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over
the lease term. If the payment term include fixed escalation clause in
non-cancellable lease, the effect of such increase is recognised on a
straight line basis.
Leases which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the
risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item are
classified as finance lease. Assets acquired on 'Finance Lease' which
transfer risk and rewards of ownership to the Company are capitalized
as assets by the Company at the lower of fair value of the leased
property or the present value of the minimum lease payments or where
applicable, estimated fair value of such assets.
c) Initial direct costs are expensed in the Profit and Loss Account at
the inception of the lease.
9, FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
restatement of the Company's monetary items at rates different from
those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or
reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or
as expenses in the year in which they arise.
10. TAXATION
Current Income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount
expected to be. paid to the tax authorities in accordance with Indian
Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised
against future taxable profits. Unrecognised deferred tax assets of
earlier period are re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has
become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Minimum Alternative tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in
which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in
accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is
created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as
MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance
sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
11. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Assets that are subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the
amount by which the assets' carrying amount exceeds its recoverable
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets' fair value
less costs to sell and value in use.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the
lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows
(cash generating units).
12. EARNING PER SHARE
The earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's Earnings per
Share CEPS') comprise the net profit after tax. The number of shares
used in computing basic EPS is the weighted average number of shares
outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same
basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential
dilutive equity shares unless impact is and dilutive.
13. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and Cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash in hand
and at bank.
14. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments Is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
the Company operate,
15. PROVISIONS
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event; it is more likely than not that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16. BORROWING COST
Borrowing cost attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset is capitalised as part of the cost of that asset.
Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in
which they are incurred.
17. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS (ARO)
Provision for ARO is based on past experience and technical estimates.
18. EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
Employee Stock options outstanding are valued using Lattice valuation
option ~ pricing model and the fair value is recognised as an expense
over the period in which the options vest, on a straight line basis.
During the year ended March 31, 2009, the Company has, based on
reconciliation with Bharti Airtel Limited, transferred in/out certain
assets and accounted these in accordance with the Scheme, resulting
into net reduction in the fair value of net assets and genera! reserve
of the Company by Rs 126,830 thousand, respectively. This
reconciliation has no impact on the profits for the year ended March
31, 2009.