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நிறுவன பெயரின் முதல் சில எழுத்துக்களை நிரப்பி 'கோ' பட்டனை கிளிக் செய்யவும்

Oil And Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. நிறுவனத்தின் கணக்கியல் கொள்கைகள்

Mar 31, 2022

1. Corporate information

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (‘ONGC’ or ‘the Company’) is a public limited Company domiciled and incorporated in India having its registered office at Plot No. 5A-5B, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, South West Delhi - 110070. The Company’s shares are listed and traded on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The Company is engaged in exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and value added products.

2. Application of new Indian Accounting Standards

All the Indian Accounting Standards issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved have been considered in preparation of these Financial Statements.

2.1. Standards issued but not yet effective

The MCA has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards / Ind AS) Amendment Rules, 2022 on March 23, 2022, whereby the amendments to various Indian Accounting Standards has been made applicable with effect from April 1,2022 onwards.

The amendments made vide aforesaid notification dated March 23, 2022 has brought few additions and substitutions in Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) particularly in Ind AS 101- First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, Ind AS 103- Business Combinations, Ind AS 109- Financial Instruments, Ind AS 16-Property, plant and Equipment, Ind AS 37- Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets and Ind AS 41- Agriculture, the Company is evaluating the requirements of the same and its effect on the Financial Statements is not likely to be material.

3. Significant accounting policies3.1. Statement of compliance

In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind AS") issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from April 1,2016.

The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended), the Companies Act, 2013 and Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Ind AS) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

3.2. Basis of preparation

The Financial Statements have been prepared on going concern basis on the historical cost convention using accrual system of accounting except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value/amortised cost/Net present value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Ind AS-1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ and Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded off to the nearest two decimal million except otherwise stated.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.

The Company categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed in their measurement which are described as follows:

(a) Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(b) Level 2 inputs are inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included within level 1 for the asset or liability.

(c) Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability reflecting significant modifications to observable related market data or Company’s assumptions about pricing by market participants.

3.3. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

The Company records the investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less impairment loss, if any.

When the Company issues financial guarantees on behalf of subsidiaries, initially it measures the financial guarantees at their fair values and subsequently measures at the higher of:

i. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments’ and

ii. the amount initially recognized less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’.

The Company records the initial fair value of financial guarantee as deemed investment with a corresponding liability recorded as deferred revenue under financial guarantee obligation. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Deferred revenue is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the remaining period of financial guarantee issued as other income.

On disposal of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts (including corresponding value of dilution in deemed investment) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Interest free loans provided to subsidiary are recognized at fair value on the date of disbursement and the difference on fair valuation is recognized as deemed investment in subsidiary. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment

in subsidiaries. Loans are accounted at amortized cost method using effective interest rate. If there is an early repayment of loan made by the subsidiary, the proportionate amount of the deemed investment recognized earlier is adjusted.

Where the Company is a sponsor in respect of Compulsory Convertible Debentures issued by subsidiaries & joint ventures and is mandatorily required to purchase such debentures, a financial liability is recognized at fair value with a corresponding debit to deemed investment. Financial liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost. The deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries or joint ventures and carried at cost.

3.4. Interests in joint operations

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

The Company has Joint Operations in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) and Revenue Sharing Contracts (RSC) with the Government of India and various body corporates for exploration, development and production activities.

The Company’s share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Joint Operations is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, decommissioning provision, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

With respect to use of leased assets in the joint operations, the Company recognizes lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset in accordance with the terms of related joint operating agreement/production sharing contracts.

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a block, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the Company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that block.

3.5. Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Non-current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such assets. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification as held for sale, and actions required to complete the plan of sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale.

3.6. Government Grants

Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable

assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

Monetary Government grants, whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire noncurrent assets and are recognized and disclosed as ‘deferred income’ under non-current liability in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

All Non-monetary grants received are recognized for both asset and grant at nominal value.

3.7. Property, Plant and Equipment (other than Oil and Gas Assets) and Right-of-use assets

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment recognised as of April 1,2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or its construction cost (net of applicable tax credits), any cost directly attributable to bring the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the Management and decommissioning cost as per Note no 3.13. It includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PPE when completed and ready for intended use. Parts of an item of PPE having different useful lives and significant value and subsequent expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment arising on account of capital improvement or other factors are accounted for as separate components. Expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels are accounted for as component of relevant assets.

Depreciation of PPE commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is provided on the cost of PPE (other than freehold land, Oil and Gas Assets and properties under construction) less their residual values, using the written down value method (except for components of dry docking capitalised) over the useful life of PPE as stated in the Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical assessment by the Company. Estimated useful lives of these assets are as under:

Description

Years

Building & Bunk Houses

3 to 60

Plant & Machinery

2 to 40

Furniture & Fixtures

3 to 25

Vehicles, Ships & Boats

3 to 20

Office Equipment

2 to 20

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed on an annual basis and if necessary, changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

Depreciation on additions/deletions to PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) during the year is provided for on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding '' 5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life.

Depreciation on expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels capitalized as component of relevant rig / vessels is charged over the dry dock period on straight line basis.

Depreciation on PPE (other than Oil and Gas Assets) including support equipment and facilities used for exploratory/ development drilling is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost and expensed / depleted as per Note No. 3.11. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term or useful life of the underlying asset, whichever is less.

An item of PPE is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the net sales/disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.8. Intangible Assets

(i) Intangible assets acquired separately

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as of April 1,2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives not exceeding five years from the date of capitalisation. The estimated useful life is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and the effect of any changes in estimate is accounted for prospectively.

Intangible assets are derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(ii) Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress

All exploration and evaluation costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets on completion as per Note No.3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

Cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory

Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets as per Note No. 3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as when determined to be dry or the Petroleum Exploration License is surrendered.

Costs of exploratory wells are not carried over unless it could be reasonably demonstrated that there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress has been made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All such carried over costs are subject to review for impairment as per the policy of the Company.

3.9. Impairment of tangible, intangible assets and right-of-use assets

The Company reviews the carrying amount of its tangible and intangible assets (Oil and Gas Assets, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP), Property, Plant and Equipment (including Capital Works-in-Progress) and right-of use assets of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any significant indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period to see if there are any indications that impairment losses recognized earlier, may no longer exist or may have come down. The impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the previous impairment loss was recognized. If it is so, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. After a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Reversals of Impairment loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Exploration and Evaluation assets are tested for Impairment when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment loss is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present.

3.10. Exploration & Evaluation, Development and Production Costs(i) Pre-acquisition cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

(ii) Acquisition cost

Acquisition costs of Oil and Gas Assets are costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted as follows: -

Exploration and development stage

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or development are initially accounted as Intangible Assets under development - exploratory wells in progress or Oil & Gas Assets under development - development wells in progress respectively. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Oil and Gas Assets when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment / relinquishment of Intangible Assets under development - exploratory wells in progress, such costs are written off.

Production stage

Acquisition costs of producing Oil and Gas Assets are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under Oil and Gas Assets and amortized using the unit of production method over proved reserves of underlying assets.

(iii) Survey cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

(iv) Oil & Gas asset under development - Development Wells in Progress

All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ‘Development Wells in Progress’ and transferred to ‘Oil and Gas Assets’ on "completion".

(v) Production costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post-well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

3.11. Oil and Gas Assets

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Oil and Gas assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Oil and Gas Assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depletion and impairment losses. These are created in respect of an area / field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area / field is ready to commence commercial production.

Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells (including service wells), allied facilities, depreciation on support equipment used for drilling and estimated future decommissioning costs are capitalised and classified as Oil and Gas Assets.

Oil and Gas Assets are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method". The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future decommissioning / abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Oil and Gas Assets is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

3.12. Side tracking

In the case of an exploratory well, cost of side-tracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as ‘Exploration cost written off’.

In the case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalized.

In case of side tracking of producing wells and service wells which form part of the development schemes are treated as development wells and the cost incurred on the side tracking is capitalized.

In the case of side tracking of producing wells and service wells which do not form part of the development schemes and the sidetracking results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits therefrom beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalised, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as ‘Work over Expenditure’.

3.13. Decommissioning costs

Decommissioning cost includes cost of restoration. Provision for decommissioning costs is recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to plug and abandon a well, dismantle and remove a facility or an item of Property, Plant and Equipment and to restore the site on which it is located. The full eventual estimated provision towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities or Property, Plant and Equipment are installed.

The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined using existing technology at current prices and escalated using appropriate inflation rate till the expected date of decommissioning and discounted up to the reporting date using the appropriate risk free discount rate.

An amount equivalent to the decommissioning provision is recognized along with the cost of exploratory well or Property, Plant and Equipment. The decommissioning cost in respect of dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

Any change in the present value of the estimated decommissioning provision other than the periodic unwinding of discount is adjusted to the decommissioning provision and the carrying value of the related asset. In case reversal of decommissioning provision exceeds the carrying amount of the related asset including WDV of the capitalised portion of decommissioning provision in the carrying amount of the related asset, the excess amount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The unwinding of discount on provision is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.

Provision for decommissioning cost in respect of assets under Joint Operations is considered as per participating interest of the Company on the basis of estimates approved by the respective operating committee. Wherever the same are not approved by the respective operating committee, decommissioning cost estimates of the Company are considered.

3.14. Inventories

Finished goods (other than Sulphur and carbon credits) including inventories in pipelines / tanks are valued at cost or net realisable

value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur and carbon credits are valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty and royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

Crude oil in semi-finished condition at Group Gathering Stations (GGS) is valued at cost on absorption costing method or net realisable value whichever is lower.

Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to GGS / platform is not valued as the same is not measurable. Natural Gas is not valued as it is not stored.

Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

3.15. Revenue recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of products and services, such as crude oil, natural gas, value added products, pipeline transportation and processing services.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized at the point in time when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised product or service to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for the sale of products and service, net of discount, taxes or duties. The transfer of control on sale of crude oil, natural gas and value added products occurs at the point of delivery, where usually the title is passed and the customer takes physical possession, depending upon the contractual conditions. Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

Sale of crude oil and natural gas (net of levies) produced from Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress / Oil and Gas assets under development - Development Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

Any payment received in respect of contractual short lifted gas quantity for which an obligation exists to make-up such gas in subsequent periods is recognised as Contract Liabilities in the year of receipt. Revenue in respect of such contractual short lifted quantity of gas is recognized when such gas is actually supplied or when the customer’s right to make up is expired, whichever is earlier.

As per the Production Sharing Contracts for extracting the Oil and Gas Reserves with Government of India, out of the earnings from the exploitation of reserves after recovery of cost, a part of the revenue is paid to Government of India which is called Profit Petroleum. It is reduced from the revenue from Sale of Products as Government of India’s Share in Profit Petroleum.

Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when collectability of the receivable is reasonably assured:

(i) Contractual short lifted quantity of gas with no obligation for make-up

(ii) Interest on delayed realization from customers and cash calls from JV partners

(iii) Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers

Dividend and interest income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established and it became probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income from financial assets is recognised at the effective interest rate method applicable on initial recognition.

3.16. Leases

Effective April 01,2019, the Company adopted Ind AS 116 "Leases" using the modified prospective approach. The new standard defines a lease as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company has exercised the option not to apply this standard to leases of intangible assets.

To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the Contract involves use of an identified asset,

(ii) the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The Company as a ‘lessee’

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (ROU asset) and a corresponding lease liability for all hiring contracts / arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for lease with a term of twelve months or less (i.e. short term leases) and lease of low value assets. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments on straightline basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The lease liability is initially measured at present value of the future lease payments over the reasonably certain lease term. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if it not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rate. For leases with similar characteristics, the Company, on a lease by lease basis, applies either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for the portfolio as a whole.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the inception date of the lease along with any initial direct costs, restoration obligations and lease incentives received.

Subsequently, the right-of-use assets is measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use assets. The Company applies Ind AS 36 to determine whether a ROU asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss as described in the accounting policy below on "Impairment of tangible, intangible assets and right-of-use assets".

The interest cost on lease liability (computed using effective interest method), is expensed in the statement of profit and loss, unless eligible for capitalization as per accounting policy below on "Borrowing costs".

The Company accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from non-lease components of the contract in accordance with Ind AS 116 and allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

3.17. Foreign Exchange Transactions

The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupees which represents the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates.

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the reporting period.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

3.18. Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include salaries, wages, Contributory provident fund, gratuity, leave encashment towards un-availed leave, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits.

All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

(i) Defined contribution plans

Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising Contributory provident fund, Post Retirement benefit scheme, Employee pension scheme-1995, composite social security scheme etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the Company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

(ii) Defined benefit plans

Defined employee benefit plans comprising of gratuity, postretirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits, are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Net interest on the net defined liability is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted.

Remeasurement of defined retirement benefit plans except for leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated

absences, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest as defined above), are recognised in other comprehensive income except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to gratuity and un-availed leave to the ONGC’s Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), respectively. Liability towards post-retirement medical benefits is being funded and contributed to LIC. Other defined benefit schemes are unfunded.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Financial Statements represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

(iii) Other long term employee benefits

Other long term employee benefit comprises of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences. These are recognized based on the present value of defined obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Re-measurements of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur.

3.19. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

3.20. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.21. Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/ expected to be admitted to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is virtually certain to expect ultimate collection.

3.22. Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalised and expenses of revenue nature are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, as and when incurred.

3.23. Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.

(i) Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax

is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous year.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available in future against which the deductible temporary differences, and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit or loss nor taxable profit or loss.

(iii) Current and deferred tax expense for the year

Current and deferred tax expense is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

3.24. Borrowing or Finance Costs

Borrowing costs including finance cost on lease liability specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets or development wells or exploratory wells is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs i.e. equivalent to the extent to which the exchange loss does not exceed the difference between the cost of borrowing in functional currency ('' when compared to the cost of borrowing in a foreign currency.

When there is an unrealised exchange loss which is treated as an adjustment to interest and subsequently there is a realised or unrealised gain in respect of the settlement or translation of the

same borrowing, the gain to the extent of the loss previously recognised as an adjustment is recognised as an adjustment to interest.

3.25. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days’ costs are considered as un-allocable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.26. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts, unless possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote. Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of the management/ independent experts. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to reflect the current management estimate.

3.27. Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.28. Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

3.29. Financial assets(i) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

(ii) Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(iii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading.

(iv) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.

(v) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

(vi) Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety (except for equity instruments designated as FVTOCI), the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.30. Financial liabilities(a) Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii. the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115. [refer Note No.. 3.3 for Financial guarantee issued to subsidiaries]

(b) Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(c) Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an existing financial liability is exchanged with another financial liability, from the existing lender of the debt instrument on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing financial liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.31. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

3.32. Statement of Cash Flow

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit after tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of future or past operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows are segregated into operating, investing and financing activities.

3.33. Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported taking into account the different risks and returns, the organization structure and the internal reporting systems.

4. Critical Accounting Judgments, Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

Inherent in the application of many of the accounting policies used in preparing the Financial Statements is the need for Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual outcomes could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of judgments, assumptions and estimation uncertainty in the preparation of the Financial Statements which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are in respect of Oil and

Gas reserves, long term production profile, impairment, useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment, depletion of oil and gas assets, decommissioning provision, employee benefit obligations, impairment, provision for income tax, measurement of deferred tax assets, litigation and contingent assets and liabilities.

4.1. Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations (refer Note No. 4.2), that the Management have made in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies and that have the significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Financial Statements.

(a) Determination of functional currency

Currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency") is Indian Rupee (?) in which the Company primarily generates and expends cash. Accordingly, the Management has assessed its functional currency to be Indian Rupee ('').

(b) Classification of investment

Judgement is required in assessing the level of control obtained in a transaction to acquire an interest in another entity; depending upon the facts and circumstances in each case, the Company may obtain control, joint control or significant influence over the entity or arrangement. Transactions which give the Company control of a business are business combinations. If the Company obtains joint control of an arrangement, judgement is also required to assess whether the arrangement is a joint operation or a joint venture. If the Company has neither control nor joint control, it may be in a position to exercise significant influence over the entity, which is then classified as an associate.

The Company has 49.36% equity interest in ONGC Petro additions Limited (OPaL). The Company has subscribed for 3,451.24 million (Previous year 3,451.24 million) share warrants as at March 31, 2022, entitling the Company to exchange each warrant with an equity share of face value of '' 10 each against which '' 9.75 each has been paid.

Further the Company has entered into an arrangement for backstopping support towards repayment of principal and coupon of Compulsory Convertible Debentures (CCDs) amounting to '' 77,780.00 million (Previous year '' 77,780.00 million) issued by ONGC Petro additions Limited in three tranches. The outstanding interest accrued as at March 31,2022 is '' 1,699.28 million (Previous year '' 1,926.75 million).

The Company has evaluated the interest in OPaL to be in the nature of joint venture as the shareholder agreement between OPaL and the joint Venture partners, Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) and the company provides for sharing of control on the decisions relating to specific activities of OPaL by both the Joint Venture partners.


Mar 31, 2019

Notes to the Standalone Financial Statement for the year ended March 31, 2019

1. Corporate information

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (''ONGC'' or ''the Company'') is a public limited Company domiciled and incorporated in India having its registered office at Plot No. 5A-5B, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, South West Delhi - 110070. The Company''s shares are listed and traded on Stock Exchanges in India. The Company is engaged in exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and value added products.

2. Application of new Indian Accounting Standards

2.1 All the Indian Accounting Standards issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved have been considered in preparation of these Financial Statements.

2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective:

The MCA has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards/ Ind AS) Amendment Rules, 2019 on March 30, 2019, whereby Ind AS-116 relating to "Leases" has been made applicable from financial year 2019-20 (i.e. April 1, 2019 onwards).

Ind AS 116 Leases

The Standard supersedes the existing Ind AS 17 "Leases". Ind AS 116 introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months unless the underlying asset is of low value and sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the same and its effect on the Financial Statements is likely to be material.

Amendment to Ind AS 103 Business Combinations

The amendment to Ind AS 103 requires remeasurement of previously held interest changes in business combination in case of obtaining control of a joint operation wherein there was a joint control earlier.

As the Company does not have any arrangement wherein the Company has obtained control of an operation wherein there was a joint control earlier, the amendment has no effect on the financial statements of the Company. The Company will apply the requirements when it obtains control of a business that is a joint operation.

Amendment to Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments

The amendment to Ind AS 109 requires accounting for prepayment features with negative compensation in case of debt instruments.

As the Company does not have any such financial instruments which meet the conditions, the amendment has no effect on the financial statements of the Company.

Amendment to Ind AS 111 Joint Arrangements

The amendment to Ind AS 111 prescribes accounting in case of obtaining joint control of an operation wherein there was no joint control earlier.

As the Company does not have any arrangement wherein the Company has obtained joint control of an operation wherein there was no joint control earlier, the amendment has no effect on the financial statements of the Company. The Company will apply the requirements when it obtains control of a business that is a joint operation.

Amendment to Ind AS 12 Income Taxes

The amendment to Ind AS 12 requires recognition of income tax consequences of dividends when an entity recognises a liability to pay a dividend in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events. Further amendment to Appendix C to Ind AS 12 provides the requirements of the amendment are to be applied while performing the determination of taxable profit (or Tax Loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits, and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatment of an item by tax authorities.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the same and its effect on the Financial Statements.

Amendment to Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits

The amendment to Ind AS 19 prescribes accounting for plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurring in-between the reporting periods in case of long-term employee benefit plans.

The Company does not have any amendment, curtailment or settlement occurring in-between the reporting period in case of long-term employee benefit plans, the amendment has no effect on the financial statements of the Company. The Company will apply the requirements when there is any amendment, curtailment or settlement of any long term employee benefit plan.

Amendment to Ind AS 23 Borrowing Costs

The amendment to Ind AS 23 prescribes the accounting treatment for specific borrowings post capitalization of corresponding qualifying asset.

As the Company does not have any borrowings for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amendment has no effect on the financial statements of the Company.

3. Significant accounting policies

3.1 Statement of compliance

In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind AS") issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from April 1, 2016.

The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Ind AS) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

3.2 Basis of preparation

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value/amortised cost/Net present value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in lnd AS-l ''Presentation of Financial Statements'' and Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded off to the nearest two decimal million except otherwise stated.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.

The Company categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed in their measurement which are described as follows:

(a) Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(b) Level 2 inputs are inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included within level 1 for the asset or liability.

(c) Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability reflecting significant modifications to observable related market data or Company''s assumptions about pricing by market participants.

3.3 Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

The Company records the investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less impairment loss, if any.

When the Company issues financial guarantees on behalf of subsidiaries, initially it measures the financial guarantees at their fair values and subsequently measures at the higher of:

i. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 ''Financial Instruments''; and

ii. the amount initially recognized less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115 ''Revenue from Contracts with Customers''.

The Company records the initial fair value of financial guarantee as deemed investment with a corresponding liability recorded as deferred revenue under financial guarantee obligation. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Deferred revenue is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the remaining period of financial guarantee issued as other income.

On disposal of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts (including corresponding value of dilution in deemed investment) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Interest free loans provided to subsidiary are recognized at fair value on the date of disbursement and the difference on fair valuation is recognized as deemed investment in subsidiary. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Loans are accounted at amortized cost method using effective interest rate. If there is an early repayment of loan made by the subsidiary, the proportionate amount of the deemed investment recognized earlier is adjusted.

3.4 Interests in joint operations

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

The Company has Joint Operations in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) and Revenue Sharing Contracts (RSC) with the Government of India and various body corporates for exploration, development and production activities.

The Company''s share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Joint Operations is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, decommissioning provision, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a block, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the Company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that block.

3.5 Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Non-current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such assets. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification as held for sale, and actions required to complete the plan of sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale.

3.6 Government Grants

Government grants, including non-monetary grants at fair value, are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants, whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets and non-monetary grants are recognised and disclosed as ''deferred income'' under non-current liability in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

3.7 Property, Plant and Equipment (other than Oil and Gas Assets)

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or its construction cost (net of applicable tax credits), any cost directly attributable to bring the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the Management and decommissioning cost as per Note no 3.13. It includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company''s accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PPE when completed and ready for intended use. Parts of an item of PPE having different useful lives and significant value and subsequent expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment arising on account of capital improvement or other factors are accounted for as separate components. Expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels are accounted for as component of relevant assets.

Depreciation of PPE commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is provided on the cost of PPE (other than freehold land, Oil and Gas Assets and properties under construction) less their residual values, using the written down value method (except for components of dry docking capitalised) over the useful life of PPE as stated in the Schedule

II to the Companies Act, 2013orbasedon technical assessment by the Company. Estimated useful lives of these assets are as under:

Description

Years

Building & Bunk Houses

3 to 60

Plant & Machinery

2 to 40

Furniture & Fixtures

3 to 15

Vehicles, Ships & Boats

5 to 20

Office Equipment

2 to 20

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed on an annual basis and if necessary, changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

Depreciation on additions/deletions to PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) during the year is provided for on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding Rs.5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life.

Depreciation on expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels capitalized as component of relevant rig / vessels is charged over the dry dock period on straight line basis.

Depreciation on PPE (other than Oil and Gas Assets) including support equipment and facilities used for exploratory/ development drilling is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost and expensed / depleted as per note no. 3.11. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets.

An item of PPE is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.8 Intangible Assets

(i) Intangible assets acquired separately

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives not exceeding five years from the date of capitalisation. The estimated useful life is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and the effect of any changes in estimate is accounted for prospectively.

Intangible assets are derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(ii) Intangible assets under development Exploratory Wells in Progress

All exploration and evaluation costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets on completion as per note no.3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

Cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets as per note no. 3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as when determined to be dry or the Petroleum Exploration License is surrendered.

Costs of exploratory wells are not carried over unless it could be reasonably demonstrated that there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress has been made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All such carried over costs are subject to review for impairment as per the policy of the Company.

3.9 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets

The Company reviews the carrying amount of its tangible and intangible assets (Oil and Gas Assets, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP), and Property, Plant and Equipment (including Capital Works-in-Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cashflows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period to see if there are any indications that impairment losses recognized earlier, may no longer exist or may have come down. The impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the previous impairment loss was recognized. If it is so, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. After a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset''s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Reversals of Impairment loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Exploration and Evaluation assets are tested for Impairment when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment loss is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present.

3.10 Exploration & Evaluation, Development and Production Costs

(i) Pre-acquisition Cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

(ii) Acquisition Cost

Acquisition costs of Oil and Gas Assets are costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted as follows:-

Exploration and Development Stage

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or development are initially accounted as Intangible Assets under development -exploratory wells in progress or Oil & Gas Assets under development - development wells in progress respectively. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Oil and Gas Assets when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment / relinquishment of Intangible Assets under development - exploratory wells in progress, such costs are written off.

Production Stage

Acquisition costs of producing Oil and Gas Assets are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under Oil and Gas Assets and amortized using the unit of production method over proved reserves of underlying assets.

(iii) Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

(iv) Oil & Gas Asset under Development -Development Wells in Progress

All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ''Development Wells in Progress'' and transferred to ''Oil and Gas Assets'' on "completion".

(v) Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post-well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

3.11 Oil and Gas Assets

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Oil and Gas assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that

carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Oil and Gas Assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depletion and impairment losses. These are created in respect of an area / field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area / field is ready to commence commercial production.

Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells (including service wells), allied facilities, depreciation on support equipment used for drilling and estimated future decommissioning costs are capitalised and classified as Oil and Gas Assets.

Oil and Gas Assets are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method". The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future decommissioning / abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Oil and Gas Assets is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

3.12 Side Tracking

In the case of an exploratory well, cost of sidetracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as ''Exploration cost written off''.

In the case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalized.

In the case of producing wells and service wells, if the side-tracking results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits therefrom beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalised, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as ''Work over Expenditure''.

3.13 Decommissioning Costs

Decommissioning cost includes cost of restoration. Provision for decommissioning costs is recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to plug and abandon a well, dismantle and remove a facility or an item of Property, Plant and Equipment and to restore the site on which it is located. The full eventual estimated provision towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities or Property, Plant and Equipment are installed.

The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined using existing technology at current prices and escalated using appropriate inflation rate till the expected date of decommissioning and discounted up to the reporting date using the appropriate risk free discount rate.

An amount equivalent to the decommissioning provision is recognized along with the cost of exploratory well or Property, Plant and Equipment. The decommissioning cost in respect of dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

Any change in the present value of the estimated decommissioning provision other than the periodic unwinding of discount is adjusted to the decommissioning provision and the corresponding carrying value of the related asset. In case reversal of decommissioning provision exceeds the corresponding carrying amount of the related asset, the excess amount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The unwinding of discount on provision is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.

Provision for decommissioning cost in respect of assets under Joint Operations is considered as per participating interest of the Company on the basis of estimates approved by the respective operating committee. Wherever the same are not approved by the respective operating committee, decommissioning cost estimates of the Company are considered.

3.14 Inventories

Finished goods (other than Sulphur) including inventories in pipelines / tanks and carbon credits are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

Crude oil in semi-finished condition at Group Gathering Stations (GGS) is valued at cost on absorption costing method or net realisable value whichever is lower.

Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to GGS / platform is not valued as the same is not measurable. Natural Gas is not valued as it is not stored.

Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

3.15 Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of products and services, such as crude oil, natural gas, value added products, pipeline transportation and processing services.

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" using the cumulative catch-up transition method, applied to contracts that were not completed as of April 1, 2018. In accordance with the cumulative catch-up transition method, the comparatives have not been retrospectively adjusted. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 115 does not have any significant impact on the retained earnings as at April 01, 2018.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized at the point in time when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised product or service to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for the sale of products and service, net of discount, taxes or duties. The transfer of control on sale of crude oil, natural gas and value added products occurs at the point of delivery, where usually the title is passed and the customer takes physical possession, depending upon the contractual conditions. Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

Sale of crude oil and natural gas (net of levies) produced from Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress / Oil and Gas assets under development - Development Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

Any payment received in respect of contractual short lifted gas quantity for which an obligation exists to make-up such gas in subsequent periods is recognised as Contract Liabilities in the year of receipt. Revenue in respect of such contractual short lifted quantity of gas is recognized when such gas is actually supplied or when the customer''s right to make up is expired, whichever is earlier.

As per the Production Sharing Contracts for extracting the Oil and Gas Reserves with Government of India, out of the earnings from the exploitation of reserves after recovery of cost, a part of the revenue is paid to Government of India which is called Profit Petroleum. It is reduced from the revenue from Sale of Products as Government of India''s Share in Profit Petroleum.

Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when collectability of the receivable is reasonably assured:

(i) Contractual short lifted quantity of gas with no obligation for make-up

(ii) Interest on delayed realization from customers and cash calls from JV partners

(iii) Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers Dividend and Interest Income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder''s right to receive payment is established.

Interest income from financial assets is recognised at the effective interest rate method applicable on initial recognition.

3.16 Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset to the Company. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Land under perpetual lease is accounted as finance lease which is recognized at upfront premium paid for the lease and the present value of the lease rent obligation. The corresponding liability is recognised as a finance lease obligation. Land under non-perpetual lease is treated as operating lease.

Operating lease payments for land are recognized as prepayments and amortised on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Contingent rentals, if any, arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.17 Foreign Exchange Transactions

The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupees which represents the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates.

Transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the reporting period.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

3.18 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include salaries, wages, Contributory provident fund, gratuity, leave encashment towards un-availed leave, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits.

All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

Defined Contribution plans

Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising Contributory provident fund, Post Retirement benefit scheme, Employee pension scheme-1995, composite social security scheme etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the Company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

Defined Benefit Plans

Defined retirement benefit plans comprising of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits, are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Net interest on the net defined liability is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted.

Remeasurement of defined retirement benefit plans except for leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest as defined above), are recognised in other comprehensive income except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to gratuity and un-availed leave to the ONGC''s Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), respectively. Other defined benefit schemes are unfunded.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Financial Statements represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company''s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Other Long Term Employee Benefits

Other long term employee benefit comprises of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences. These are recognized based on the present value of defined obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Re-measurements of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur.

3.19 Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

3.20 General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.21 Insurance Claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is virtually certain to expect ultimate collection.

3.22 Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalised and expenses of revenue nature are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, as and when incurred.

3.23 Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.

(i) Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with asset will be realised.

(iii) Current and deferred tax expense for the year

Current and deferred tax expense is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

3.24 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other

borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.25 Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig day''s costs are considered as un-allocable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.26 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts, unless possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote.

3.27 Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.28 Equity Instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

3.29 Financial Assets

(i) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

(ii) Financial Assets at a Amortised Cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(iii) Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading.

(iv) Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.

(v) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

(vi) Derecognition of Financial Assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety (except for equity instruments designated as FVTOCI), the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.30 Financial Liabilities

(a) Financial Guarantee Contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

1. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii. the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115. [Note no. 3.3 for Financial guarantee issued to subsidiaries]

(b) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(c) Derecognition of Financial Liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.31 Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

3.32 Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit after tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of future or past operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows are segregated into operating, investing and financing activities.

3.33 Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported taking into account the different risks and returns, the organization structure and the internal reporting systems.

4. Critical Accounting Judgments, Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

Inherent in the application of many of the accounting policies used in preparing the Financial Statements is the need for Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual outcomes could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of judgments, assumptions and estimation uncertainty in the preparation of the Financial Statements which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are in respect of Oil and Gas reserves, long term production profile, impairment, useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment, depletion of oil and gas assets, decommissioning provision, employee benefit obligations, impairment, provision for income tax, measurement of deferred tax assets, litigation and contingent assets and liabilities.

4.1 Critical Judgments in Applying Accounting Policies

The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations (Note no. 4.2), that the Management have made in the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies and that have the significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Financial Statements.

(a) Determination of Functional Currency

Currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency") is Indian Rupee (Rs.) in which the Company primarily generates and expends cash. Accordingly, the Management has assessed its functional currency to be Indian Rupee (Rs.).

(b) Classification of Investment

Judgment is required in assessing the level of control obtained in a transaction to acquire an interest in another entity; depending upon the facts and circumstances in each case, the Company may obtain control, joint control or significant influence over the entity or arrangement. Transactions which give the Company control of a business are business combinations. If the Company obtains joint control of an arrangement, judgement is also required to assess whether the arrangement is a joint operation or a joint venture. If the Company has neither control nor joint control, it may be in a position to exercise significant influence over the entity, which is then classified as an associate.

The Company has 49.36% equity interest in ONGC Petro additions Limited (OPaL). The Company has also subscribed for 2,558 million share warrants entitling the Company to exchange each warrant with an equity share of face value of Rs.10 each against which Rs.9.75 each has been paid.

Further the Company has also entered into an arrangement for backstopping support towards repayment of principal and cumulative coupon amount for compulsorily convertible debentures amounting to Rs.77,780.00 million (previous year Rs.77,780.00 million) issued by ONGC Petro additions Limited and interest for the year ending March 31, 2019 amounting to Rs.5,117.73 million (previous year Rs.4,670.19 million).

The Management has however evaluated the interest in OPaL to be in the nature of joint venture as the shareholder agreement between all the shareholders provides for sharing of control of the decisions of relevant activities that require the unanimous consent of all the parties sharing control.

(c) Determining Whether an Arrangement Contain Leases and Classification of Leases

The Company enters into service/hiring arrangements for various assets/services. The determination of lease and classification of the service / hiring arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee''s option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset''s economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

(d) Evaluation of Indicators for Impairment of Oil and Gas Assets

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of external factors (significant decline in asset''s value, significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment, market interest rates etc.) and internal factors (obsolescence or physical damage of an asset, poor economic performance of the asset etc.) which could result in significant change in recoverable amount of the Oil and Gas Assets.

(e) Oil & Gas Accounting

The determination of whether potentially economic oil and natural gas reserves have been discovered by an exploration well is usually made within one year of well completion, but can take longer, depending on the complexity of the geological structure. Exploration wells that discover potentially economic quantities of oil and natural gas and are in areas where major capital expenditure (e.g. an offshore platform or a pipeline) would be required before production could begin, and where the economic viability of that major capital expenditure depends on the successful completion of further exploration work in the area, remain capitalized on the balance sheet as long as additional exploration or appraisal work is under way or firmly planned.

It is not unusual to have exploration wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells remaining suspended on the balance sheet for several years while additional appraisal drilling and seismic work on the potential oil and natural gas field is performed or while the optimum development plans and timing are established. All such carried costs are subject to regular technical, commercial and management review on at least an annual basis to confirm the continued intent to develop, or otherwise extract value from the discovery. Where this is no longer the case, the costs are immediately expensed.

4.2 Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

Information about estimates and assumptions that have the significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

(a) Estimation of Provision for Decommissioning

The Company estimates provision for decommissioning as per the principles of Ind AS 37 ''Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets'' for the future decommissioning of Oil and Gas assets at the end of their economic lives. Most of these decommissioning activities would be in the future, the exact requirements that may have to be met when the removal events occur are uncertain. Technologies and costs for decommissioning are constantly changing. The timing and amounts of future cash flows are subject to significant uncertainty.

The timing and amount of future expenditures are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, together with rate of inflation for escalation of current cost estimates and the interest rate used in discounting the cash flows. The economic life of the Oil and Gas assets is estimated on the basis of long term production profile of the relevant Oil and Gas asset. The General Consumer Price Index (CPI) for inflation i.e. 2.86.% (Previous year 4.28%) has been used for escalation of the current cost estimates and pre- tax discounting rate used to determine the balance sheet obligation as at the end of the year is 7.47% (Previous year 7.56%), which is the risk free government bond rate with 10 year yield.

(b) Determination of Cash Generating Unit (CGU)

The Company is engaged mainly in the business of oil and gas exploration and production in Onshore and Offshore. In case of onshore assets, the fields are using common production/transportation facilities and are sufficiently economically interdependent to constitute a single cash generating unit (CGU). Accordingly, impairment test of all onshore fields is performed in aggregate of all those fields at the Asset Level. In case of Offshore Assets, a field is generally considered as CGU except for fields which are developed as a Cluster, for which common facilities are used, in which case the impairment testing is performed in aggregate for all the fields included in the cluster.

(c) Impairment of Assets

Determination as to whether, and by how much, a CGU is impaired involves Management estimates on uncertain matters such as future crude oil, natural gas and value added product (VAP) prices, the effects of inflation on operating expenses, discount rates, production profiles for crude oil, natural gas and value added products. For Oil and Gas assets, the expected future cash flows are estimated using Management''s best estimate of future crude oil and natural gas prices, production and reserves volumes.

The present values of cash flows are determined by applying pre tax-discount rates of 14.71 % (previous year 14.48%) for Rupee transactions and 9.79% (previous year 9.68%) for crude oil and value added products revenue, which are measured in US$. Future cash inflows from sale of crude oil and value added products are computed using the future prices, on the basis of market-based average prices of the Dated Brent crude oil as per assessment by ''Platt''s Crude Oil Market wire'' and its co-relations with benchmark crudes and other petroleum products. Future cash flows from sale of natural gas are also computed based on the expected future prices on the basis of the notification issued by the Government of India (Gol) and discounted applying the rate applicable to the cash flows measured in US$ in view of the new pricing guidelines issued by Gol.

The discount rate used is based upon the cost of capital from an established model.

The value in use of the producing/developing CGUs is determined under a multi-stage approach, wherein future cash flows are initially estimated based on Proved Developed Reserves. Under circumstances where the further development of the fields in the CGUs is under progress and where the carrying value of the CGUs is not likely to be recovered through exploitation of proved developed reserves alone, the Proved and Probable reserves (2P) of the CGUs are also taken for the purpose of estimating future cash flows. In such cases, full estimate of the expected cost of evaluation/development is also considered while determining the value in use.

The discount rates applied in the assessment of impairment calculation are re-assessed each year.

(d) Estimation of Reserves

Management estimates reserves in relation to all the Oil and Gas Assets based on the policies and procedures determined by the Reserves Estimation Committee of the Company (REC). The estimates so determined are used for the computation of depletion and impairment testing.

The year-end reserves of the Company are estimated by the REC which follows international reservoir engineering procedures consistently. The Company has migrated from classification of Reserves under SPE-1997 guidelines to Petroleum Resources Management System-PRMS (2018) sponsored by Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Council (WPC), American Association of Petroleum Geologists(AAPG), Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA) and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE).

PRMS(2018) defines Proved Reserves under Reserves category as those quantities of petroleum that, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known reservoirs and under defined economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations. Further it defines Developed Reserves as expected quantities to be recovered from existing wells and facilities and Undeveloped Reserves as the Quantities expected to be recovered through future significant investments.

Volumetric estimation is the main procedure in estimation which uses reservoir rock and fluid properties to calculate hydrocarbons in-place and then estimate that portion which will be recovered from it. As the field gets matured and reasonably good production history is available, then performance methods such as material balance, simulation, decline curve analysis are applied to get more accurate assessments of reserves.

The annual revision of estimates is based on the yearly exploratory and development activities and results thereof. New in-place Volume and Ultimate Reserves are estimated for new field discoveries or new pool discoveries in already discovered fields. Also, delineation/appraisal activities lead to revision in estimates due to new sub-surface data. Similarly, review /reinterpretation exercise is also carried out for old fields due to necessity of revision in petro-physical parameters, updating of static and dynamic models and performance analysis leading to change in reserves. Intervention of new technology, change in classifications and contractual provisions also necessitate revision in estimation of reserves.

The Company uses the services of third party agencies for due diligence and it gets the reserves of its assets audited periodically by third party internationally reputed consultants who adopt latest industry practices for their evaluation.

(e) Defined Benefit Obligation (DBO)

Management''s estimate of the DBO is based on a number of critical underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, medical cost trends, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

(f) Litigations

From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings and the ultimate outcome of each being always subject to many uncertainties inherent in litigation. A provision for litigation is made when it is considered probable that a payment will be made and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is made when evaluating, among other factors, the probability of unfavourable outcome and the liability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of potential loss. Provision for litigations are reviewed at the end of each accounting period and revisions made for the changes in facts and circumstances.


Mar 31, 2018

Notes to the Standalone Financial Statement for the year ended March 31, 2018 1.    Corporate information

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (‘ONGC' or ‘the Company') is a public limited company domiciled and incorporated in India having its registered office at Deendayal Urja Bhawan, 5, Nelson Mandela Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110070. The Company's shares are listed and traded on Stock Exchanges in India. The Company is engaged in exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and value added products.

2.    Application of new Indian Accounting Standards

2.1    All the Indian Accounting Standards issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are authorized have been considered in preparation of these Financial Statements.

2.2    Standards issued but not yet effective:

The MCA has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards/ Ind AS) Amendment Rules, 2018 on March 28, 2018, whereby Ind AS-115 relating to "Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and Appendix B to Ind AS 21 relating to "Foreign Currency Transactions and advance considerations” has been made applicable from financial year 2018-19 (i.e. April 1, 2018 onwards).

Ind AS-115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Standard replaces the existing Ind AS 18 "Revenue” and Ind AS 11 "Construction Contracts”. Ind AS 115 establishes the principles that an entity shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer.

Ind AS 21 - Appendix B - Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration

This Appendix applies to a foreign currency transaction (or part of it) when an entity recognizes a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration before the entity recognizes the related asset, expense or income (or part of it).

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the same and its effect on the Financial Statements.

3. Significant accounting policies

3.1.    Statement of compliance

In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind AS”) issued under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from April 1, 2016.

The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Ind AS) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

3.2.    Basis of preparation

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value/amortized cost/Net present value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in Ind AS-1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements' and Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded off to the nearest two decimal million except otherwise stated.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.

The Company categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed in their measurement which are described as follows:

(a)    Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(b)    Level 2 inputs are inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included within level 1 for the asset or liability.

(c)    Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability reflecting significant modifications to observable related market data or Company's assumptions about pricing by market participants.

3.3. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

The Company records the investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less impairment loss, if any.

When the Company issues financial guarantees on behalf of subsidiaries, initially it measures the financial guarantees at their fair values and subsequently measures at the higher of:

i.    the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments'; and

ii.    the amount initially recognized less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognized in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 18 ‘Revenue'.

The Company records the initial fair value of financial guarantee as deemed investment with a corresponding liability recorded as deferred revenue under financial guarantee obligation. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Deferred revenue is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the remaining period of financial guarantee issued as other income.

On disposal of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts (including corresponding value of dilution in deemed investment) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Interest free loans provided to subsidiary are recognized at fair value on the date of disbursement and the difference on fair valuation is recognized as deemed investment in subsidiary. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Loans are accounted for at amortized cost method using effective interest rate. If there is an early repayment of loan made by the subsidiary, the proportionate amount of the deemed investment recognized earlier is adjusted.

3.4.    Interests in joint operations

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

The Company has Joint Operations in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various body corporate for exploration, development and production activities.

The Company's share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Joint Operations is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, decommissioning provision, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a block, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the Company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that block.

3.5.    Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Non-current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such assets. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification as held for sale, and actions required to complete the plan of sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale.

3.6    Government Grants

Government grants, including non-monetary grants at fair value, are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants, whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets and nonmonetary grants are recognized and disclosed as ‘deferred income' under non-current liability in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

3.7    Property, Plant and Equipment (other than Oil and Gas Assets)

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or its construction cost (net of applicable tax credits), any cost directly attributable to bring the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the Management and decommissioning cost as per Note no 3.13. It includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalized in accordance with the Company's accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PPE when completed and ready for intended use. Parts of an item of PPE having different useful lives and significant value and subsequent expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment arising on account of capital improvement or other factors are accounted for as separate components. Expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels are accounted for as component of relevant assets.

Depreciation of PPE commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed on an annual basis and if necessary, changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

Depreciation on additions/deletions to PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) during the year is provided for on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding '5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life.

Depreciation on expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels capitalized as component of relevant rig / vessels is charged over the dry dock period on straight line basis.

Depreciation on PPE (other than Oil and Gas Assets) including support equipment and facilities used for exploratory/ development drilling is initially capitalized as part of drilling cost and expensed / depleted as per note no. 3.11. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets.

An item of PPE is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.8 Intangible Assets

(i) Intangible assets acquired separately

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Amortisation is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization. The estimated useful life is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and the effect of any changes in estimate is accounted for prospectively.

Intangible assets are derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(ii) Intangible assets under development -Exploratory Wells in Progress

All exploration and evaluation costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets on completion as per note no.3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

Cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets as per note no. 3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as when determined to be dry or the Petroleum Exploration License is surrendered.

Costs of exploratory wells are not carried over unless it could be reasonably demonstrated that there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress has been made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All such carried over costs are subject to review for impairment as per the policy of the Company.

3.9 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company reviews the carrying amount of its tangible and intangible assets (Oil and Gas Assets, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP), and Property, Plant and Equipment (including Capital Works-in-Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit” (CGU) at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period to see if there are any indications that impairment losses recognized earlier, may no longer exist or may have come down. The impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the previous impairment loss was recognized. If it is so, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. After a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Reversals of Impairment loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Exploration and Evaluation assets are tested for Impairment when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment loss is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present.

3.10 Exploration & Evaluation, Development and Production Costs

(i)    Pre-acquisition cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

(ii)    Acquisition cost

Acquisition costs of Oil and Gas Assets are costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted as follows:-

Exploration and development stage

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or development are initially accounted as Intangible Assets under development - exploratory wells in progress or Oil & Gas Assets under development -development wells in progress respectively. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Oil and Gas Assets when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment / relinquishment of Intangible Assets under development - exploratory wells in progress, such costs are written off.

Production stage

Acquisition costs of producing Oil and Gas Assets are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under Oil and Gas Assets and amortized using the unit of production method over proved reserves of underlying assets.

(iii)    Survey cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

(iv)    Oil & Gas asset under development -Development Wells in Progress

All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ‘Development Wells in Progress' and transferred to ‘Oil and Gas Assets' on "completion”.

(v)    Production costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

3.11 Oil and Gas Assets

The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Oil and Gas assets recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

Oil and Gas Assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depletion and impairment losses. These are created in respect of an area / field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area / field is ready to commence commercial production.

Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells (including service wells), allied facilities, depreciation on support equipment used for drilling and estimated future decommissioning costs are capitalized and classified as Oil and Gas Assets.

Oil and Gas Assets are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method”. The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future decommissioning / abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Oil and Gas Assets is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

3.12    Side tracking

In the case of an exploratory well, cost of sidetracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as ‘Exploration cost written off'.

In the case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalized.

In the case of producing wells and service wells, if the side-tracking results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits there from beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalized, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as ‘Work over Expenditure'.

3.13    Decommissioning costs

Decommissioning cost includes cost of restoration. Provision for decommissioning costs is recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to plug and abandon a well, dismantle and remove a facility or an item of Property, Plant and Equipment and to restore the site on which it is located. The full eventual estimated provision towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities or Property, Plant and Equipment are installed.

The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined using existing technology at current prices and escalated using appropriate inflation rate till the expected date of decommissioning and discounted up to the reporting date using the appropriate risk free discount rate.

An amount equivalent to the decommissioning provision is recognized along with the cost of exploratory well or Property, Plant and Equipment. The decommissioning cost in respect of dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

Any change in the present value of the estimated decommissioning provision other than the periodic unwinding of discount is adjusted to the decommissioning provision and the corresponding carrying value of the related asset. In case reversal of decommissioning provision exceeds the corresponding carrying amount of the related asset, the excess amount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The unwinding of discount on provision is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.

Provision for decommissioning cost in respect of assets under Joint Operations is considered as per participating interest of the Company on the basis of estimates approved by the respective operating committee. Wherever the same are not approved by the respective operating committee, decommissioning cost estimates of the company are considered.

3.14 Inventories

Finished goods (other than Sulphur) including inventories in pipelines / tanks and carbon credits are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realizable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

Crude oil in semi-finished condition at Group Gathering Stations (GGS) is valued at cost on absorption costing method or net realizable value whichever is lower.

Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to GGS / platform is not valued as the same is not measurable. Natural Gas is not valued as it is not stored.

Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

3.15 Revenue recognition

Revenue arising from sale of products is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the buyer, which is at the point of transfer of custody to customers, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

Revenue from services is recognized when the outcome of services can be estimated reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with rendering of services will flow to the Company, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, service tax / Goods and Services Tax (GST) / sales tax etc. Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

Sale of crude oil and natural gas (net of levies) produced from Intangible assets under development

- Exploratory Wells in Progress / Oil and Gas assets under development - Development Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is a reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

(i)    Short lifted quantity of gas

(ii)    Surplus from Gas Pool Account

(iii)    Interest on delayed realization from customers and cash calls from JV partners

(iv)    Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers

As per the Production Sharing Contracts for extracting the Oil and Gas Reserves with Government of India, out of the earnings from the exploitation of reserves after recovery of cost, a part of the revenue is paid to Government of India which is called Profit Petroleum. It is reduced from the revenue from Sale of Products as Government of India's Share in Profit Petroleum.

Dividend and interest income

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholder's right to receive payment is established.

Interest income from financial assets is recognized at the effective interest rate method applicable on initial recognition.

3.16    Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset to the Company. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Land under perpetual lease is accounted as finance lease which is recognized at upfront premium paid for the lease and the present value of the lease rent obligation. The corresponding liability is recognized as a finance lease obligation. Land under non-perpetual lease is treated as operating lease.

Operating lease payments for land are recognized as prepayments and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Contingent rentals, if any, arising under operating leases are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.17    Foreign Exchange Transactions

The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupees which represents the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates.

Transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the reporting period.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

3.18    Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include salaries, wages, Contributory provident fund, gratuity, leave

encashment towards un-availed leave, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits.

All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

Defined Contribution plans

Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising Contributory provident fund, Post Retirement benefit scheme, Employee pension scheme-1995, composite social security scheme etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the Company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

Defined benefit plans

Defined retirement benefit plans comprising of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits, are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Net interest on the net defined liability is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognized the Statement of Profit and Loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted.

Remeasurement of defined retirement benefit plans except for leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest as defined above), are recognized in other comprehensive income except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to gratuity and un-availed leave to the ONGC's Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), respectively. Other defined benefit schemes are unfounded.

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the Financial Statements represents the actual deficit or  surplus in the Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Other long term employee benefits

Other long term employee benefit comprises of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, these are recognized based on the present value of defined obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Re-measurements of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur.

3.19    Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

3.20    General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.21    Insurance claims

The Company accounts for insurance claims as under:-

In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable - Insurance” on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as "Claims Recoverable-Insurance”. Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

As and when claims are finally received from the insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.22    Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalized and expenses of revenue nature are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, as and when incurred.

3.23    Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.

(i)    Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

(ii)    Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with asset will be realized.

(iii) Current and deferred tax expense for the year

Current and deferred tax expense is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

3.24    Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.25    Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days' costs are considered as un-allocable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.26    Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts, unless possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote.

3.27    Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.28    Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

3.29    Financial assets

(i) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

(ii)    Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(iii)    Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading.

(iv)    Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.

(v)    Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognizes lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

(vi)    Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety (except for equity instruments designated as FVTOCI), the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.30    Financial liabilities

(a)    Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms ofa debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i.    the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii.    the amount initially recognized less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognized in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 18. [Note no. 3.3 for Financial guarantee issued to subsidiaries]

(b)    Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

(c)    Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.31    Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

3.32    Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit after tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows are segregated into operating, investing and financing activities.

3.33    Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported taking into account the different risks and returns, the organization structure and the internal reporting systems.

4. Critical Accounting Judgments, Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

Inherent in the application of many of the accounting policies used in preparing the Financial Statements is the need for Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual outcomes could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of judgments, assumptions and estimation uncertainty in the preparation of the Financial Statements which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are in respect of Oil and Gas reserves, long term production profile, impairment, useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment, depletion of oil and gas assets, decommissioning provision, employee benefit obligations, impairment, provision for income tax, measurement of deferred tax assets and contingent assets and liabilities.

4.1 Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

The following are the critical judgments, apart from those involving estimations (Note no. 4.2), that the Management have made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Financial Statements.

(a)    Determination of functional currency

Currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency”) is Indian Rupee (') in which the Company primarily generates and expends cash. Accordingly, the Management has assessed its functional currency to be Indian Rupee (').

(b)    Classification of investment

Judgment is required in assessing the level of control obtained in a transaction to acquire an interest in another entity; depending upon the facts and circumstances in each case, the Company may obtain control, joint control or significant influence over the entity or arrangement. Transactions which give the Company control of a business are business combinations. If the Company obtains joint control of an arrangement, judgment is also required to assess whether the arrangement is a joint operation or a joint venture. If the Company has neither control nor joint control, it may be in a position to exercise significant influence over the entity, which is then classified as an associate.

The Company has 49.36% equity interest in ONGC Petro additions Limited (OPaL). The Company has also subscribed for 1,922 million share warrants on August 25, 2015 entitling the Company to exchange each warrant with an equity share of face value of '10 each against which '9.75 each has been paid.

Further the Company has also entered into an arrangement on July 2, 2016 for backstopping support towards repayment of principal and cumulative coupon amount for compulsorily convertible debentures amounting to Rs,77,780.00 million issued by ONGC Petro additions Limited and interest for the year ending March 31, 2018 amounting to Rs,4,670.19 million.

The Management has however evaluated the interest in OPaL to be in the nature of joint venture as the shareholder agreement between all the shareholders provides for sharing of control of the decisions of relevant activities that require the unanimous consent of all the parties sharing control.

(c)    Determining whether an arrangement contain leases and classification of leases

The Company enters into service / hiring arrangements for various assets / services. The determination of lease and classification of the service / hiring arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

(d)    Evaluation of indicators for impairment of Oil and Gas Assets

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of external factors (significant decline in asset's value, significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment, market interest rates etc.) and internal factors (obsolescence or physical damage of an asset, poor economic performance of the asset etc.) which could result in significant change in recoverable amount of the Oil and Gas Assets.

(e)    Oil & Gas Accounting

The determination of whether potentially economic oil and natural gas reserves have been discovered by an exploration well is usually made within one year of well completion, but can take longer, depending on the complexity of the geological structure. Exploration wells that discover potentially economic quantities of oil and natural gas and are in areas where major capital expenditure (e.g. an offshore platform or a pipeline) would be required before production could begin, and where the economic viability of that major capital expenditure depends on the successful completion of further exploration work in the area, remain capitalized on the balance sheet as long as additional exploration or appraisal work is under way or firmly planned.

It is not unusual to have exploration wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells remaining suspended on the balance sheet for several years while additional appraisal drilling and seismic work on the potential oil and natural gas field is performed or while the optimum development plans and timing are established. All such carried costs are subject to regular technical, commercial and management review on at least an annual basis to confirm the continued intent to develop, or otherwise extract value from the discovery. Where this is no longer the case, the costs are immediately expensed.

4.2 Assumptions and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Information about estimates and assumptions that have the significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

(a) Estimation of provision for decommissioning

The Company estimates provision for decommissioning as per the principles of Ind AS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets' for the future decommissioning of Oil and Gas assets at the end of their economic lives. Most of these decommissioning activities would be in the future, the exact requirements that may have to be met when the removal events occur are uncertain. Technologies and costs for decommissioning are constantly changing. The timing and amounts of future cash flows are subject to significant uncertainty.

The timing and amount of future expenditures are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, together with rate of inflation for escalation of current cost estimates and the interest rate used in discounting the cash flows. The economic life of the Oil and Gas assets is estimated on the basis of long term production profile of the relevant Oil and Gas asset. The General Consumer Price Index (CPI) for inflation i.e. 4.28% (Previous year 3.81%) has been used for escalation of the current cost estimates and pre- tax discounting rate used to determine the balance sheet obligation as at the end of the year is 7.56% (Previous year 7.12%), which is the risk free government bond rate with 10 year yield.

(b)    Determination of cash generating unit (CGU)

The Company is engaged mainly in the business of oil and gas exploration and production in Onshore and Offshore. In case of onshore assets, the fields are using common production/ transportation facilities and are sufficiently economically interdependent to constitute a single cash generating unit (CGU). Accordingly, impairment test of all onshore fields is performed in aggregate of all those fields at the Asset Level. In case of Offshore Assets, a field is generally considered as CGU except for fields which are developed as a Cluster, for which common facilities are used, in which case the impairment testing is performed in aggregate for all the fields included in the cluster.

(c)    Impairment of assets

Determination as to whether, and by how much, a CGU is impaired involves Management estimates on uncertain matters such as future crude oil, natural gas and value added product (VAP) prices, the effects of inflation on operating expenses, discount rates, production profiles for crude oil, natural gas and value added products. For Oil and Gas assets, the expected future cash flows are estimated using Management's best estimate of future crude oil and natural gas prices, production and reserves volumes.

The present values of cash flows are determined by applying pre tax-discount rates of 14.48% (previous year 14.88%) for Rupee transactions and 9.68% (previous year 10.57%) for crude oil and value added products revenue, which are measured in USD. Future cash inflows from sale of crude oil and value added products are computed using the future prices, on the basis of market-based average prices of the Dated Brent crude oil as per assessment by ‘Platt's Crude Oil Market wire' and its co-relations with benchmark crudes and other petroleum products. Future cash flows from sale of natural gas are also computed based on the expected future prices on the basis of the notification issued by the Government of India (GoI) and discounted applying the rate applicable to the cash flows measured in USD in view of the new pricing guidelines issued by GoI.

The discount rate used is based upon the cost of capital from an established model.

The value in use of the producing/developing CGUs is determined under a multi-stage approach, wherein future cash flows are initially estimated based on Proved Developed Reserves. Under circumstances where the further development of the fields in the CGUs is under progress and where the carrying value of the CGUs is not likely to be recovered through exploitation of proved developed reserves alone, the Proved and probable reserves (2P) of the CGUs are also taken for the purpose of estimating future cash flows. In such cases, full estimate of the expected cost of evaluation/development is also considered while determining the value in use.

The discount rates applied in the assessment of impairment calculation are re-assessed each year.

(d) Estimation of reserves

Management estimates production profile (proved and developed reserves) in relation to all the Oil and Gas Assets based on the policies and procedures determined by the Reserves Estimation Committee of the Company (REC). The estimates so determined are used for the computation of depletion and impairment testing.

The year-end reserves of the Company are estimated by the REC which follows international reservoir engineering procedures consistently. The Company has adopted deterministic approach for reserves estimation and is following Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) - 1997 guidelines which defines reserves as "estimated volumes of crude oils, condensate, natural gas, natural gas liquids and associated substances anticipated to be commercially recoverable from known accumulations from a given date forward, under existing economic conditions, by established operating practices, and under current Government regulations.” Volumetric estimation is the main procedure in estimation, which uses reservoir rock and fluid properties to calculate hydrocarbons in-place and then estimate that portion which will be recovered from it. As the field gets matured with reasonably good production history available then performance methods such as material balance, simulation, decline curve analysis are applied to get more accurate assessments of reserves.

The annual revision of estimates is based on the yearly exploratory and development activities and results thereof. New in-place Volume and Ultimate Reserves are estimated for new field discoveries or new pool discoveries in already discovered fields. Also, appraisal activities lead to revision in estimates due to new sub-surface data. Similarly, reinterpretation exercise is also carried out for old fields due to necessity of revision in petro-physical parameters, updating of static and dynamic models and performance analysis leading to change in reserves. Intervention of new technology, change in classifications and contractual provisions also necessitate revision in estimation of reserves.

The Company uses the services of third party agencies for due diligence and it gets the reserves of its assets audited by third party periodically by internationally reputed consultants who adopt latest industry practices for their evaluation.

(e) Defined benefit obligation (DBO)

Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of critical underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, medical cost trends, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

5.1 The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its Oil and Gas Assets recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as on the transition date as per Para D7AA of Ind AS 101 except for decommissioning and restoration provision included in the cost of Oil and Gas Assets which have been adjusted in terms of para D21 of Ind AS 101 ‘First -time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'.

6.1 The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its other Property Plant & Equipment (PPE) recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as on the transition date as per Para D7AA of Ind AS 101 except for decommissioning provision included in the cost of other Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) which has been adjusted in terms of para D21 of Ind AS 101 ‘First -time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards' .

7.1    The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its Capital Works-in-Progress recognized as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as on the transition date as per Para D7AA of Ind AS 101 except for decommissioning and restoration provision included in the cost of Capital Works-in-Progress which have been adjusted in terms of para D21 of Ind AS 101 ‘First -time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'.

7.2    Includes Rs,7,156.89 million (Previous year Rs,7,156.89 million) in respect ofTapti A series assets and facilities which were a part of the assets of PMT Joint Operation (JO) and surrendered by the JO to the Government of India as per the terms and conditions of the JO Agreement. These assets and facilities have been transferred by Government of India to the Company free of cost as its nominee. The Company has assessed the fair value of the said assets & facilities at Rs,7,156.89 million based on the valuation report by a third party agency, which has been accounted as Capital work-in-progress with a corresponding liability as Deferred Government Grant (Note no. 26.1).

While transferring these assets to the Company, the decommissioning obligation has been delinked by Government of India. The same will be considered as decided by the Government of India. However decommissioning provision towards 40% share being partner in the JO is being carried in the financial statements.

9.1 The Company had acquired during 2004-05, 90% Participating Interest in Exploration Block KG-DWN-98/2 from Cairn Energy India Ltd for a lump sum consideration of Rs,3,711.22 million which, together with subsequent exploratory drilling costs of wells had been capitalised under exploratory wells in progress. During 2012-13, the Company had acquired the remaining 10% participating interest in the block from M/s Cairn Energy India Ltd on actual past cost basis for a consideration of Rs,2,124.44 million. Initial in-place reserves were established in this block and adhering to original PSC time lines, a Declaration of commerciality (DOC) with a conceptual cluster development plan was submitted on December 21, 2009 for Southern Discovery Area and on July 15, 2010 for Northern Discovery Area. Thereafter, in the revised DOC submitted in December, 2013, Cluster-wise development of the Block had been envisaged by division of entire development area into three clusters. The DOC in respect of Cluster II had been reviewed by the Management Committee (MC) of the block on September 25, 2014. Field Development Plan (FDP) for Cluster-II was submitted on September 8, 2015 and the same had been approved by MC on March 31, 2016. Investment decision has been approved by the Company. Drilling of wells in cluster II has started on April 8, 2018.

The DOC for Cluster-I was approved on December 14, 2016 and FDP for Cluster-I has been filed on December 13, 2017 and under review by DGH. Revised DOC of Cluster-III has been submitted to DGH under the SOP format in December 14, 2017 and FDP will be submitted on receipt of approval.

10.1.1    The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value on the transition date April 1, 2015 in terms of Para D15 (b) (ii) of Ind AS 101 ‘First -time Adoption of


Mar 31, 2017

1.1. Statement of compliance

In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from April 1, 2016.

The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Ind AS) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

These are the Company’s first Ind AS Standalone Financial Statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2015. The mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions availed by the Company on First-time adoption have been detailed in Note 3.34.

Previous period figures in the Financial Statements have been restated in compliance to Ind AS.

Up to the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company had prepared the Standalone Financial Statements under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles applicable in India, applying the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Revised 2013) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the applicable Accounting Standards as prescribed under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (‘Previous GAAP’).

In accordance with Ind AS 101-”First Time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards” (Ind AS 101), the Company has presented a reconciliation of Shareholders’ equity under Previous GAAP and Ind AS as at March 31, 2016, and April 1, 2015 and of the Profit after tax as per Previous GAAP and Total Comprehensive Income under Ind AS for the year ended March 31, 2016.

1.2. Basis of preparation

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Ind AS-1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ and Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded off to the nearest two decimal million except otherwise stated.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions .

The Company categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed in their measurement which are described as follows:

(a) Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(b) Level 2 inputs are inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included within level 1 for the asset or liability.

(c) Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability reflecting significant modifications to observable related market data or Company’s assumptions about pricing by market participants.

1.3. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

The Company records the investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less impairment loss, if any.

When the Company issues financial guarantees on behalf of subsidiaries, initially it measures the financial guarantees at their fair values and subsequently measures at the higher of:

i. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments’; and

ii. the amount initially recognized less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount ofincome recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 18 ‘Revenue.

The Company records the initial fair value of financial guarantee as deemed investment with a corresponding liability recorded as deferred revenue under financial guarantee obligation. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Deferred revenue is recognized in theStatement of Profit and Loss over the remaining period of financial guarantee issued as other income.

On disposal of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts (including corresponding value of dilution in deemed investment) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Interest free loans provided to subsidiary are recognized at fair value on the date of disbursement and the difference on fair valuation is recognized as deemed investment in subsidiary. Such deemed investment is added to the carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries. Loans are accounted at amortized cost method using effective interest rate. If there is an early repayment of loan made by the subsidiary, the proportionate amount of the deemed investment recognized earlier is adjusted.

1.4. Interests in joint operations

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement.

The Company has Joint Operations in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various body corporates for exploration, development and production activities.

The Company’s share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Joint Operations is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, decommissioning provision, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a block, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the Company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that block.

1.5. Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Non-current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification as held for sale, and actions required to complete the plan of sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale.

1.6. Government Grants

Government grants, including non-monetary grants at fair value, are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets and nonmonetary grants are recognised and disclosed as ‘deferred income’ as non current liability in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

1.7. Property, Plant and Equipment (other than Oil and Gas Assets)

Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or its construction cost (net of applicable tax credits), any cost directly attributable to bring the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the Management and decommissioning cost as per note 3.13. It includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PPE when completed and ready for intended use. Parts of an item of PPE having different useful lives and significant value and subsequent expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment arising on account of capital improvement or other factors are accounted for as separate components. Expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels are accounted as component of relevant assets.

Depreciation of these PPE commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is provided on the cost ofPPE (other than freehold land, Oil and Gas Assets and properties under construction) less their residual values, using the written down value method (except for components of dry docking capitalised) over the useful life of PPE as stated in the Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical assessment by the Company. Estimated useful lives of these assets are as under:

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed on an annual basis and if necessary, changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

Depreciation on additions/deletions to PPE(other than of Oil and Gas Assets) during the year is provided for on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding Rs.5,000/which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on PPE(other than of Oil and Gas Assets) arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped PPE (other than of Oil and Gas Assets) which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life.

Depreciation on expenditure on dry docking of rigs and vessels capitalized as component of relevant rig/vessels is charged over the dry dock period on straight line basis.

Depreciation on PPE(other than Oil and Gas Assets) including support equipment and facilities used for exploratory/development drilling is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost and expensed/depleted as per note no. 3.11. Depreciation on equipment/assets deployed for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets.

An item ofPPEis de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised as in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.8. Intangible Assets

(i) Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives not exceeding five years from the date of capitalisation. The estimated useful life is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for prospectively.

Intangible assets is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(ii) Intangible assets under development -Exploratory Wells in Progress

All exploration and evaluation costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development -Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets on completion as per note no.3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

Cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil and Gas Assets as per note no. 3.11 or expensed as exploration and evaluation cost (including allocated depreciation) as when determined to be dry or the Petroleum Exploration License is surrendered.

Costs of exploratory wells are not carried over unless it could be reasonably demonstrated that there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress has been made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project.

All such carried over costs are subject to review for impairment as per the policy of the Company.

1.9. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company reviews the carrying amount of its tangible and intangible assets (Oil and Gas Assets, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP), and Property, Plant and Equipment (including Capital Works-in -Progress) of a “Cash Generating Unit” (CGU) at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period to see if there are any indications that impairment losses recognized earlier may no longer exist or may have come down. The impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the previous impairment loss was recognized. If it is so, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. After a reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Reversals of Impairment loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment testing during exploratory phase is carried out at area level when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment loss is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present.

1.10. Exploration& Evaluation, Development and Production Costs

(i) Pre-acquisition cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

(ii) Acquisition cost

Acquisition costs of Oil and Gas Assetsare costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted as follows:-

Exploration and development stage

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or development are initially accounted as Intangible Assets under development-exploratory wells in progress or Oil & Gas Assets under development - development wells in progress respectively. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Oil and Gas Assets when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment/relinquishment of Intangible Assets under development -exploratory wells in progress, such costs are written off.

Production stage

Acquisition costs of producing Oil and Gas Assets are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under Oil and Gas Assets and amortized using the unit of production method over proved reserves of underlying assets.

(iii) Survey cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

(iv) Oil & Gas asset under development -Development Wells in Progress

All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ‘Development Wells in Progress’ and transferred to ‘Oil and Gas Assets’ on “completion”.

(v) Production costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post-well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

1.11. Oil and Gas Assets

Oil and Gas Assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depletion and impairment losses. These are created in respect of an area/ field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells (including service wells), allied facilities, depreciation on support equipment used for drilling and estimated future decommissioning costs are capitalised and classified as Oil and Gas Assets.

Oil and Gas Assets are depleted using the “Unit of Production Method”. The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future decommissioning/ abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Oil and Gas Assets is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

1.12. Side tracking

In the case of an exploratory well, cost of sidetracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as ‘Exploration cost written off’

In the case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalized.

In the case of producing wells and service wells, if the side-tracking results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits therefrom beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalised, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as ‘Work over Expenditure.’

1.13. Decommissioning costs

Decommissioning cost includes cost of restoration. Provision for decommissioning costs are recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to plug and abandon a well, dismantle and remove a facility or an item of Property, Plant and Equipment and to restore the site on which it is located. The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete/facilities or Property, Plant and Equipment are installed.

The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined using existing technology at current prices and escalated using appropriate inflation rate till the expected date of decommissioning and discounted up to the reporting date using the appropriate risk free discount rate.

An amount equivalent to the decommissioning provision is recognized along with the cost of exploratory well or Property, Plant and Equipment. The decommissioning cost in respect of dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

Any change in the present value of the estimated decommissioning expenditure other than the periodic unwinding of discount is adjusted to the decommissioning provision and the corresponding carrying value of the related asset. In case reversal of decommissioning provision exceeds the corresponding carrying amount of the related asset, the excess amount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The unwinding of discount on provision is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.

Provision for decommissioning cost in respect of assets under Joint Operations is considered as per participating interest of the Company.

1.14. Inventories

Finished goods (other than Sulphur) including inventories in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

Crude oil in semi-finished condition at Group Gathering Stations (GGS) is valued at cost on absorption costing method or net realisable value whichever is lower.

Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to GGS/platform is not valued as the same is not measurable. Natural Gas is not valued as it is not stored.

Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

1.15. Revenue recognition

Revenue arising from sale of products is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the buyer, which is at the point of transfer of custody to customers, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

Revenue from services is recognized when the outcome of services can be estimated reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with rendering of services will flow to the Company, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, service tax and sales tax etc. Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

Sale of crude oil and natural gas (net of levies) produced from Intangible assets under development - Exploratory Wells in Progress/ Oil and Gas assets under development -Development Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is a reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

(i) Short lifted quantity of gas

(ii) Surplus from Gas Pool Account

(iii) Interest on delayed realization from customers

(iv) Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers

As per the Production Sharing Contracts for extracting the Oil and Gas Reserves with Government of India, out of the earnings from the exploitation of reserves after recovery of cost, a part of the revenue is paid to Government of India which is called Profit Petroleum is reduced from the revenue from Sale of Products as Government of India’s Share in Profit Petroleum.

Dividend and interest income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established.

Interest income from financial assets is recognised at the effective interest rate method applicable on initial recognition.

1.16. Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset to the Company. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Land under perpetual lease are accounted as finance leases which are recognized at upfront premium paid for the lease and the present value of the lease rent obligation. The corresponding liability is recognised as a finance lease obligation. Land under non-perpetual leases are treated as operating leases.

Operating lease payments for land are recognized as prepayments and amortised on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Contingent rentals, if any, arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.17. Foreign Exchange Transactions

The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupees which represents the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates.

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the reporting period.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit andLoss in the period in which they arise.

1.18. Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include salaries, wages, provident fund, gratuity, leave encashment towards un-availed leave, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits.

All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

Defined contribution plans

Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund, Post Retirement benefit scheme, employee pension scheme-1995, composite social security scheme etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the Company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

Defined benefit plans

Defined retirement benefit plans comprising of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits, are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Net interest on the net defined liability is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted.

Remeasurement of defined retirement benefit plans except for leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest as defined above), are recognised in other comprehensive income except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to gratuity and un-availed leave to the ONGC’s Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), respectively. Other defined benefit schemes are unfunded.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Financial Statements represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Other long term employee benefits

Other long term employee benefit comprises of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, these are recognized based on the present value of defined obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Re-measurements of leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur.

1.19. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

1.20. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.21. Insurance claims

The Company accounts for insurance claims as under:-In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head “Claims Recoverable-Insurance” on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as “Claims Recoverable-Insurance”. Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

As and when claims are finally received from the insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.22. Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalised and expenses of revenue nature are charged to the Statement ofProfit and Loss, as and when incurred.

1.23. Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.

(i) Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with asset will be realised.

(iii) Current and deferred tax expense for the year

Current and deferred tax expenseis recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

1.24. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.25. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days’ costs are considered as un-allocable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.26. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts, unless possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote.

1.27. Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.28. Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

1.29. Financial assets

(i) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

(ii) Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(iii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading.

(iv) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.

(v) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

(vi) Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety (except for equity instruments designated as FVTOCI),the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.30. Financial liabilities

a) Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the

Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i. the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii. the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount ofincome recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 18. [Refer Note 3.3 for Financial guarantee issued to subsidiaries]

b) Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

c) Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.31. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.32. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit after tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows aresegregated into operating, investing and financing activities.

1.33. Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported taking into account the different risks and returns, the organization structure and the internal reporting systems.

1.34. First-time adoption - mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions

(i) Overall principle:

The Company has prepared the opening balance sheet as per Ind AS as of April 1, 2015 (‘the transition date’) by recognising all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by Ind AS, not recognising items of assets or liabilities which are not permitted by Ind AS, by reclassifying certain items from Previous GAAP to Ind AS as required under the Ind AS, and applying Ind AS in the measurement of recognised assets and liabilities. However, this principle is subject to certain mandatory exceptions and certain optional exemptions availed by the Company as detailed below.

(ii) Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities

The Company has applied the derecognition requirements of financial assets and financial liabilities prospectively for transactions occurring on or after April 1, 2015 (the transition date).

(iii) Classification of debt instruments

The Company has determined the classification of debt instruments in terms of whether they meet the amortised cost criteria or the fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) criteria based on the facts and circumstances that existed as of the transition date.

(iv) Impairment of financial assets

The Company has applied the impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 retrospectively; however, as permitted by Ind AS 101, it has used reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort to determine the credit risk at the date that financial instruments were initially recognised in order to compare it with the credit risk at the transition date. Further, the Company has not undertaken an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition to Ind ASs, whether there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition, as permitted by Ind AS 101.

(v) Deemed cost for Property, Plant and Equipment, Oil and Gas assets and intangible assets

The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment, Oil and Gas assets and intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and used that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date except adjustment related to decommissioning provisions.

(vi) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

The Company has applied Appendix C of Ind AS 17 ‘Leases’ for determining whether an arrangement contains a Lease at the transition date on the basis of facts and circumstances existing at that date.

(vii) Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

The Company has elected to carry its investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates at deemed cost being carrying amount under Previous GAAP on the transition date.

(viii) Equity investments at FVTOCI

The Company has designated investments in equity shares as at FVTOCI on the basis of facts and circumstances that existed at the transition date.

(ix) Decommissioning costs

The Company has availed optional exemption available with respect to decommissioning costs included in the Oil and Gas Assets. Accordingly, the Company has measured the decommissioning provision in accordance with Ind AS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’ as at transition date. The Company has computed the estimate of the amount that would have been included in the cost of the related Oil and Gas Assets by discounting the decommissioning provision computed at transition date using its best estimate of the historical risk adjusted discount rate to the date when the liability first arose. Thereafter, the Company has computed depletion/depreciation on Oil and Gas assets on the aforesaid estimated amount using the accounting policy mentioned in Note 3.11 above.


Mar 31, 2016

1. Corporate information

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited ( ONGC'' or ‘the Company'') is a public limited company domiciled and incorporated in India. The Company''s shares are listed and traded on Stock Exchanges in India. The Company is engaged in exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

a. Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) applicable in India, applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Revised 2013) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the applicable Accounting Standards as prescribed under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Accounts) Rules. 2014.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act. 2013. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded off to the nearest million unless otherwise stated.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the reporting period. Management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable and prudent. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

c. Deferred Government Grant

Government Grant related to acquisition of Fixed Assets is treated as Deferred Government Grant'' and an amount equal to proportionate depreciation of such assets is credited to Statement of Profit and Loss.

d. Fixed Assets

d.1 Tangible Assets

d.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations/gifts are capitalized at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve. Parts of an item of fixed asset having different useful lives and material value are accounted for as separate components of the fixed asset.

d.1.2 All costs, net of applicable tax credits, relating to acquisition of fixed assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intended use are capitalized.

d.2 Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, net of applicable tax credits, less accumulated amortization and impairment.

e. Exploration, Development and Production Costs e.1 Pre-acquisition cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

e.2 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition costs of an oil and gas property are costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted as follows:-Exploration and Development stage:

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or developments are initially accounted as exploration or developments wells in progress respectively. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Oil & Gas Assets when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment/ relinquishment, such costs are written off.

Production stage:

Acquisition costs of a producing oil and gas property are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under Oil & Gas Assets and amortized using the unit of production method over proved reserves of underlying asset.

e.3 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

e.4 Exploratory Wells in Progress

e.4.1 All exploration costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Oil & Gas Assets on completion as per note no.2.f.2 or expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

e.4.2 Costs of exploratory wells are not carried over unless it could be reasonably demonstrated that there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All such carried over costs are subject to review for impairment as per note no.2.n.8.

e.5 Development Wells in Progress

All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ‘Development Wells in Progress’ and transferred to ‘Oil & Gas Assets’ on ‘completion" as per note no.2.f.2.

f. Oil & Gas Assets

f.1 Oil & Gas Assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depletion and impairment. These are created in respect of an area/field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

f.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalized and reflected as Oil & Gas Assets.

g. Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

h. Sidetracking

h.1 In case of an exploratory well. Cost of Side-tracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as Exploratory Well Cost written off.''

h.2 In case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalized.

h.3 In case of Producing wells, if the side-tracking results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits there from beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalized, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as ''Work over Expenditure.''

I. Abandonment Cost

i.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities are installed. The abandonment cost on dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

1.2 Provision for abandonment cost is updated based on the technical assessment at current costs. The effects of changes resulting from revisions to estimated liability are adjusted to the carrying amount of the related Asset and considered for depletion on a prospective basis.

1.3 Provision for abandonment cost in respect of Jointly Controlled Assets is considered as per par titivating interest of the company on the basis of estimates approved by the respective Operating Committee. Wherever the same are not approved by the respective operating committee, abandonment cost estimates of the company as per i.2 above are considered.

j. Jointly Controlled Assets

The Company has Joint Ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various body corporate for exploration, development and production activities.

J.1 The company''s share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Jointly Controlled Assets is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

j.2 Disposal of Interest

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a cost center, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that cost center.

j.3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

k. Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary y. in the value of such investments.

Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.

I. Inventories

1.1 Finished goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realizable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes Cess.

1.2 Crude oil in semi-finished condition at Group Gathering Stations is valued at cost on absorption costing method or net realizable value whichever is lower. Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to Group Gathering Stations/platform and Natural gas is not valued as it is not stored.

1.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

1.4 Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realizable value.

m. Revenue Recognition

m.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

m.2 Sale of crude oil and gas (net of levies) produced from Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

m.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

m.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is a reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

a. Short lifted quantity of gas

b. Surplus from Gas Pool Account

c. Interest on delayed realization from customers

d. Liquidated damages from contractors/ suppliers

m.5 Dividend income is recognized when right to receive is established. Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.

n. Depreciation, Depletion, Amortization and Impairment Depreciation

n.1 Depreciation on fixed assets (other than Oil & Gas assets) is provided for under the written down value method over the useful life of Asset as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act. 2013 except in case of certain items of plant and equipment where useful life ranging from 3 to 25 years has been considered based on technical assessment by the management which is lower than the useful life prescribed under schedule II to the Companies Act 2013.

n.2 Depreciation on additions/deletions to fixed assets other than of Oil & Gas Assets during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding Rs, 5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

n.3 Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on fixed assets other than of Oil & Gas Assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

n.4 Depreciation on refurbished/revamped assets other than of Oil & Gas Assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life, which is not more than the life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act. 2013.

n.5 Depreciation on fixed assets (other than Oil & Gas assets) including support equipment and facilities used for exploratory/ development drilling is initially capitalized as part of drilling cost and expensed/depleted as stated in Note no. 2. f and

2.n.6. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed

for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. n.6 Depletion

Oil & Gas Assets are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method”. The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Oil & Gas Assets is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures. n.7 Amortization

Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

Intangible assets are amortized on Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization. n.8 Impairment Oil & Gas Assets, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP), and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances Indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of its ‘value in use'' or ''net selling price'' (if determinable). In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is increase in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss / reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of a CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the assets over the remaining useful life.

Impairment testing during exploratory phase is earned out at area level when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present,

o. Foreign Exchange Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year. The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the Statement of Profit and Loss, p. Employee Benefits

p.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred, p.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust, p.3 Employee benefits under defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post-employment and other long-term benefits are recognized during the year. The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to Gratuity and leave/compensated absences to the ONGC''s Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI) respectively. Other defined benefit schemes are unfunded, q. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred, r. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss, s. Insurance claims

The company accounts for insurance claims are as under

s.1 In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable-insurance" on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss. s.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as ‘Claims Recoverable-insurance''. Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

s.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-insurance and claims received is adjusted to Statement of Profit and Loss, t. Research Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalized and expenses of Revenue nature are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, as and when incurred,

u. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act. 1961. Deferred Tax Liability / Asset resulting from ‘timing difference’ between book profit and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that such asset will be realized in future, v. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, w. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days'' costs are considered as unallowable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss,

x. Unamortized Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs/ Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVs), Geo Technical Vessels (GTVs). Well Stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs), Rig/equipment mobilization expenses and other related expenditures are amortized over the period of use not exceeding five years and the balance is carried under head ‘Unamortized Expenditure" in the Balance Sheet, y. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts, z. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares, aa. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.


Mar 31, 2015

A. Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Revised) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Accounting Standards as prescribed under the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

As the operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non- current as per the Company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded to the nearest million except otherwise stated.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the reporting period. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

c. Government Grant

Government Grant related to acquisition of Fixed Assets is treated as 'Deferred Government Grant' and an amount equal to proportionate depreciation of such assets is credited to Statement of Profit and Loss.

d. Fixed Assets

d.1 Tangible Assets

d.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations/gifts are capitalised at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve.

d.1.2 All costs, net of applicable tax credits, relating to acquisition of fixed assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intended use are capitalised.

d. 2 Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, net of applicable tax credits, less accumulated amortization and impairment.

e. Exploration, Development and Production Costs

e.1 Pre-acquisition cost

Expenditure incurred before obtaining the right(s) to explore, develop and produce oil and gas are expensed as and when incurred.

e.2 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition costs of an oil and gas property are costs related to right to acquire mineral interest and are accounted/ treated as follows:- Exploration and Development stage:

Acquisition cost relating to projects under exploration or developments are initially accounted as capital work in progress. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Producing Property when a well is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment/ relinquishment, such costs are written off. Production stage:

Acquisition costs of a producing oil and gas property are capitalized as proved property acquisition cost under producing properties and amortized over the production profile of the underlying asset using the unit of production method over proved reserves.

e.3 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

e.4 Exploratory/ Development Wells in Progress

e.4.1 All exploration costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalized as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per note no.2. f.1.1 or expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

e.4.2 Costs of exploratory wells are not carried unless there are indications of sufficient quantity of reserves and sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All such carried costs are subject to review for impairment as per note no. 2.n.7.

e. 4.3 All costs relating to Development Wells are initially

capitalized as 'Development Wells in Progress' and transferred to 'Producing Properties' on "completion" as per note no. 2.f.

f. Producing Properties

f.1.1 Producing Properties are created in respect of an area/field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

f. 1.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful

exploratory wells, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalised and reflected as Producing Properties.

g. Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post- well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

h. Side tracking

h.1 In case of an exploratory well, Cost of Side-tracking is treated in the same manner as the cost incurred on a new exploratory well. The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as 'Exploratory Well Cost written off.'.

h.2 In case of development wells, the entire cost of abandoned portion and side tracking is capitalised.

h.3 In case of Producing wells, if the side-tracking

results in additional proved developed oil and gas reserves or increases the future economic benefits therefrom beyond previously assessed standard of performance, the cost incurred on side tracking is capitalised, whereas the cost of abandoned portion of the well is depleted in the normal way. Otherwise, the cost of side tracking is expensed as Work over Expenditure'

i. Abandonment Cost

1.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities are installed. The abandonment cost on dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

1.2 Provision for abandonment cost is updated based on the technical assessment at current costs. The effects of changes resulting from revisions to estimated liability are adjusted to the carrying amount of the related Asset and considered for depletion on a prospective basis.

j. Jointly Controlled Assets

The Company has Joint Ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various body corporates for exploration, development and production activities.

j.1 The company's share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Jointly Controlled Assets is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

j.2 Disposal of Interest

Gain or loss on sale of interest in a cost center, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except that no gain is recognized at the time of such sale if substantial uncertainty exists about the recovery of the costs applicable to the retained interest or if the company has substantial obligation for future performance. The gain in such situation is treated as recovery of cost related to that cost center.

j.3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

k.Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.

l. Inventories

1.1 Finished goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes Cess.

1.2 Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines up to Group Gathering Stations/platform and Natural gas is not valued as it is not stored.

1.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

1.4 Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

m. Revenue Recognition

m.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

m.2 Sale of crude oil and gas (net of levies) produced from Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

m.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

m.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is a reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

a. Short lifted quantity of gas

b. Gas pipeline transportation charges

c. Reimbursable subsidies and grants

d. Surplus from Gas Pool Account

e. Interest on delayed realization from customers

f. Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers

m. 5 Dividend income is recognized when right to receive is established. Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.

n. Depreciation, Depletion, Amortisation and Impairment Depreciation

n.1 Depreciation on fixed assets is provided for under the written down value method over the useful life of Asset as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in case of certain items of plant and equipment where useful life ranging from 3 to 25 years has been considered based on technical assessment by the management which is lower than the useful life prescribed under schedule II to the Companies Act 2013.

n.2 Depreciation on additions/deletions during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except low value items not exceeding Rs. 5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

n.3 Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on fixed assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively over the remaining useful life.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life, which is not more than the life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

n.4 Depreciation on fixed assets (including support equipment and facilities) used for exploratory/ development drilling and on production facilities is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost or producing properties and expensed/depleted as stated in Note no. 2.f and 2.n.5. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed for survey activities is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

n.5 Depletion

Producing Properties are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method". The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/ amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs net of salvage value. Acquisition cost of Producing

Properties is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

Amortisation

n.6 Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

Intangible assets are amortized on Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization.

Impairment

n. 7 Producing Properties, Development Wells in

Progress (DWIP), and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of its 'value in use' or 'net selling price' (if determinable). In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is increase in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss / reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the assets over the remaining useful life.

Impairment testing during exploratory phase is carried out at area level when further exploration activities are not planned in near future or when sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. Impairment is reversed subsequently, to the extent that conditions for impairment are no longer present.

o. Foreign Exchange Transactions Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year. The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

p. Employee Benefits

p.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

p.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

p. 3 Employee benefits under defined benefit plans

comprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post- employment and other long-term benefits are recognized during the year. The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to Gratuity and leave/compensated absences to the ONGC's Gratuity Fund Trust (OGFT) and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI) respectively. Other defined benefit schemes are unfunded.

q. Voluntary Retirement Scheme Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

r. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are directly attributable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

s. Insurance claims

The company accounts for insurance claims as under :-

s.1 In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable-Insurance" on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

s.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as "Claims Recoverable-Insurance". Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

s.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is adjusted to Statement of Profit and Loss.

t. Research Expenditure

Expenditure of capital nature are capitalised and expenses of Revenue nature are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, as and when incurred.

u. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax Liability/Asset resulting from 'timing difference' between book profit and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that the asset will be realized in future.

v. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

w. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days' costs are considered as unallocable and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

x. Unamortised Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs/ Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVs), Geo Technical Vessels (GTVs), ell Stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs), Rig/equipment mobilization expenses and other related expenditure is amortized over the period of use not exceeding five years and the balance is carried under head "Unamortized Expenditure" in the Balance Sheet.

y. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to account.

z. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

aa. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.


Mar 31, 2013

A. Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded to the nearest million except when otherwise indicated. Since the Operating cycle cannot be identified in normal course due to the special nature of industry, the same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the reporting period. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

c. Government Grant

Government Grant related to acquisition of Fixed Assets is treated as deferred income under ''Deferred Government Grant'' and an amount equal to proportionate depreciation of such assets is credited to Statement of Profit & Loss.

d. Fixed Assets

d.1 Tangible Assets

d.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations/gifts are capitalised at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve.

d. 1.2 All costs, net of applicable tax credits, relating to acquisition of fixed assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intended use are capitalised.

d.2 IntangibleAssets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, net of applicable tax credits, less accumulated amortization and impairment.

e. Exploration, Development and Production Costs e.1 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition cost of an oil and gas property in exploration and development stage is taken to acquisition cost under the respective category. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Producing Property when it is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment, such costs are expensed. Acquisition cost of a producing oil and gas property is capitalized as Producing Property.

e.2 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which these are incurred.

e.3 Exploratory/Development Wells in Progress

e.3.1 All acquisition costs, exploration costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalised as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per Note no. 2.f.4.1 or expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

e.3.2 All wells under ''Exploratory Wells in Progress'' which are more than two years old from the date of completion of drilling are expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) except those wells where it could be reasonably demonstrated that the well has proved reserves and the development of the field in which the wells are located has been planned.

e.3.3 All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as ''Development Wells in Progress'' and transferred to ''Producing Properties'' on completion as per Note no. 2.f.4.1 and 2.f.4.2.

f. Producing Properties

f.1.1 Producing Properties are created in respect of an area/field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

f.1.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells which are used for production of oil & gas, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalised and reflected as Producing Properties.

g. Depletion of Producing Properties

Producing Properties are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method". The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/license/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs. In case of acquisition, cost of Producing Properties is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

h. Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post-well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

i. Sidetracking

1.1 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is expensed as ''Exploratory Well Cost''.

1.2 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked development wells is considered as part of cost of development wells.

1.3 The cost of sidetracking in respect of existing producing wells is capitalized if it increases the proved developed reserves otherwise, expensed as ''Workover Expenditure''

j. Impairment

Producing Properties, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP) and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is its ''value in use'' or ''net selling price'' (if determinable) whichever is higher. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss I reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the assets over the remaining useful life.

k. Abandonment Cost

k.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring offshore well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete/facilities are installed.

k.2 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring onshore well sites are recognized when the well is complete. Cost relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring its allied facilities are accounted for in the year in which such costs are incurred as the salvage value is expected to take care of the abandonment costs. The abandonment cost on dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

k.3 Provision for abandonment cost is updated based on the technical assessment at current costs.

I. JointVentures

1.1 The Company has JointVentures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various bodies corporate for exploration, development and production activities.

The company''s share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Jointly Controlled Assets is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

1.2 Consideration for the right to participate in operations recoverable from new Joint Venture Partners are:

i) Reducedfrom respective capitalized costwherever applicable

ii) Reducedfrom current expenditure to the extent it relates to current year.

iii) Balance is considered as miscellaneous receipts.

1.3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company, m. Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value,

n. Inventories

n.1 Finished goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at Cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of Finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes Cess.

n.2 Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines upto Group Gathering Stations/platform and Natural Gas in Pipelines are notvalued.

n.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at Weighted Average Cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories.

n.4 Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

o. Revenue Recognition

o.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

o.2 Sale of crude oil and gas (net of levies) produced from Exploratory Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

o.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for i n the year of such revision.

o.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

a. Shortliftedquantityofgas

b. Gas pipeline transportation charges

c. Reimbursable subsidies and grants

d. Surplus from Gas Pool Account

e. Interest on delayed realization from customers

f. Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers

p. Depreciation and Amortisation

p.1 Depreciation on fixed assets is provided for under the written down value method in accordance with the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

p.2 Depreciation on additions/deletions during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except items of Plant and Machinery used in wells with 100% rate of depreciation and low value items not exceeding'' 5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

p.3 Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on fixed assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life at rates which are not less than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

p.4 Depreciation on fixed assets (including support equipment and facilities) used for exploratory/ development drilling and on production facilities is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost or producing properties and expensed/depleted as stated in Note no. 2.f and 2.g above. Depreciation on equipment/ assets deployed for survey activities is charged to Statement of Prof it and Loss.

p.5 Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

p.6 I ntangible assets are amortized on Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization.

q. Foreign Exchange Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year. The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the Statement of Profit & Loss except where such liabilities and /or transactions relate to fixed assets/ projects and these were incurred/ entered into before 1.4.2004 in which case, these are adjusted to the cost of respective fixed assets.

r. Employee Benefits

r.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

r.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

r.3 Employee benefits under definedbenefitplanscomprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post- retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post- employment and other long-term benefits are recognized during the year.

s. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss when incurred.

t. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses of Assets, Basins & Services which are identifiable are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss. Such expenses relating to Headquarter is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

u. Insurance claims

The company accounts for insurance claims as under :-

u.1 In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable-lnsurance" on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

u.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as "Claims Recoverable-lnsurance". Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

u.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-lnsurance and claims received is adjusted to Statement of Profit & Loss.

v. Research Expenditure

Revenue expenses on Research are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss, when incurred,

w. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the I ncome Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax Liability / Asset resulting from ''timing difference'' between book profit and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that the asset will be realized in future.

x. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. Aqualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

y. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled/planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days'' costs are considered as unallocable and charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

z. Unamortised Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs/ Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVs), Geo Technical Vessels (GTVs), Well Stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs), Rig/equipment mobilization expenses and other related expenditure amortized over the period of use not exceeding five years and the balance is carried under head "Unamortized Expenditure" in the balance sheet.

Za. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed byway of notes to accounts.


Mar 31, 2012

A. Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded to the nearest million except when otherwise indicated.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the reporting period. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

c. Government Grant

Government Grant related to acquisition of Fixed Assets is treated as deferred income under 'Deferred Government Grant' and an amount equal to proportionate depreciate depreciation of such assets is credited to Statement of Profit & Loss.

d. Fixed Assets

d.1 Tangible Assets

d.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations / gifts are capitalised at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve.

d.1.2 All costs, net of applicable tax credits, relating to acquisition of fixes assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intended use are capitalised.

d.2 Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, net of applicable tax credits, less accumulated amortization and impairment.

e. Exploration, Development and Production Costs

e.1 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition cost of an oil and gas property in exploration and development stage is taken to acquisition cost under the respective category. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to producing properly when it is ready to commence commercial production. In Case of abandonment, such costs are expensed, Acquisition cost of a producing oil and gas property is capitalized as Producing Property.

e.2 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and Prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed as exploration cost in the year in which there are incurred.

e.3 Exploratory / Development Wells in Progress

e.3.1 All acquisition costs, exploration costs incurred in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalised as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Producing Properties on Completion as per Note on 2.1.4.1 or expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) as and when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

e.3.2 All wells under 'Exploratory Wells in Progress' which are more than two years old from the date of completion of drilling are expensed as exploration cost (including allocated depreciation) except those wells where it could be reasonably demonstrated that the well has proved reserves and the development of the field in which the wells are located has been planned.

e.3.3 All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as 'Development Wells in Progress' and transferred to 'Producing Properties' on completion as per Note On 2.f.4.1 and 2.f.4.2.

f.4 Producing Properties

f.4.1 Producing Properties are created in respect of an area / field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/ field is ready to commence commercial production.

f.4.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, Successful exploratory wells, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalised and reflected as producing properties.

g. Depletion of producing Properties

Producing Properties are depleted using the "Unit of Production Method". The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease / license / asset / amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs. In case of acquisition, cost of producing properties is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

h. Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post-well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

i. Side tracking

i.1 The Cost of abandoned portion of side track exploratory wells is expensed as 'Exploratory Well Cost'.

i.2 The Cost of abandoned portion of side track development wells is considered as part of cost of development wells.

i.3 The Cost of sidetracking in respect of existing producing wells is capitalized if it increases the proved developed reserves otherwise, expensed as "Workover Expenditure".

j. Impairment

Producing Properties, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP) and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances Indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is its 'value in use' or 'net selling price' (if determinable) whichever is higher. In assessing value in sue, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An Impairment loss is reversed if there is change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss / reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment, depreciation in provided on the revised carrying value of the assets over the remaining usefully life.

k. Abandonment Cost

k.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismanting, abandoning and restoring offshore well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assest when the well is complete / facilities are installed.

k.2 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismanting, abandoning and restoring onshore well sites are recognized when the well is complete. Cost relating to dismanting, abandonig and restoring its allied facilities are accounted for in the year in which such costs are incurred as the salvage value is expected to take care of the abandonment costs. The abandonment cost on dry well is expensed as exploratory well cost.

k.3 Provision for abandonment cost in updated based on the technical assessment at current costs.

l. Joint Ventures

The Company has Joint Ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PCS) with the Government of India and various corporate bodies for exploration, development and production activities.

l.1 The Company's share in the assets and liabilities along with attributable income and expenditure of the Jointly Controlled Assets is merged on line by line basis with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

l.2 Consideration for the right to participate in operations recoverable from new Joint Venture Partners are:

i) Reduced from respective capitalized cost wherever applicable

ii) Reduced from current expenditure to the extent it relates to current year.

iii) Balance is considered as miscellaneous receipts.

l.3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

m. Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

Current investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.

n. Inventories

n.1 Finished goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines / tanks and carbon credits are valued at Cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of finished goods is determined on absorption costing method, Sulphur in valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

n.2 Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines upto Group Gathering Stations / Platform and Natural Gas in Pipelines are not valued.

n.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at Weighter Average Cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower provisions are made for obsolete and non moving inventories.

n.4 Unserviceable and scrap items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realisable value.

o. Revenue Recognition

o.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

o.2 Sale of crude oil and gas (net of levies) produced from Exploratory Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

o.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the year of such revision.

o.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is reasonable certainly regarding ultimate collection:

a. Short lifted quantity of gas

b. Gas Pipeline transportation charges

c. Reimbursable subsidies and grants

d. Surplus from Gas Pool Account

e. Interest on delayed realization from customers

f. Liquidated damages from contractors / suppliers

p. Depreciation and Amortisation

p.1 Depreciation on fixed assets is provided for under the written down value method in accordance with the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

p.2 Depreciation on Additions / deletions during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions / deletions except items of plant and machinery used in wells with 100% rate of depreciation and low value items not exceeding Rs. 5,000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

p.3 Depreciation on Subsequent expenditure on fixed assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors is provided for prospectively.

Depreciation on refurbished / revamped assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life at rates which are not less than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

p.4 Depreciation on fixed assets (including support equipment and facilities) used for exploratory / development drilling and on production facilities is initially capitalised as part of drilling cost or producing properties and expensed / depleted as stated in Note no.2.f and 2.g above. Depreciation on equipment / assets deployed for survey activities is charged to statement of profit and loss.

p.5 Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

p.6 Intangible assets are amortized on Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization.

q. Foreign Exchange Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year end are translated using means exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year. The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the statement of Profit & Loss except where such liabilities and / or transactions relate to fixed assets / projects and these were incurred / entered into before 1.4.2004 in which case, these are adjusted to the cost of respective fixed assets.

r. Employee Benefits

r.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

r.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

r.3 Employee benefits under defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using he projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post employment and other long-term benefits are recognized during the year.

r.4 Liability for gratuity as per actuarial valuation is funded with a separate trust.

s. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to statement of profit & Loss when incurred.

t. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are identifiable to Assets, Basins & Services are allocated to activities and the balance is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss. Such expenses relating to Head quarter are charged to statement of profit & Loss.

u. Insurance Claims

The Company accounts for insurance claims as under:-

u.1 In case of total loss of asset, by transferring either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (Subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head *Claims Recoverable-Insurance" on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to statement of profit & Loss.

u.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred / payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as "Claims Recoverable-Insurance". Insurance policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

u.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is adjusted to Statement of Profit & Loss.

v. Research Expenditure

Revenue expenses on Research are charged to statement of Profit & Loss, when incurred.

w. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax Liability / Asset resulting from "timing difference" between book profit and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainly that the asset will be realized in future.

x. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to statement of Profit & Loss.

y. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location drilled / planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig day's costs are considered as unallocable and charged to statement of Profit & Loss.

z. Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs / Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVz), Geo Technical Vessels (GVTs), well stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs), Rig / equipment mobilzation expenses and other related expenditure are considered as deferred revenue expenditure and amoritzed over the period of use not exceeding five years.

za. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts.


Mar 31, 2011

1. Accounting Conventions

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Accounting Standards issued under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities revenues and expenses of the reporting period. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

3. Government Grants

Government grants for acquisition of fixed assets are initially treated as Capital Reserve and are subsequently recognized as income in the Profit & Loss Account on a systematic basis over the useful life of the assets in the proportion in which depreciation on those assets is charged..

4. Fixed Assets

4.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations/gifts are capitalised at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve.

4.2 All costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intending use are capitalised.

5. Intangible Assets

Costs incurred on intangible assets, resulting in future economic benefits are capitalized as intangible assets.

6. Exploration, Development and Production Costs

6.1 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition cost of an oil and gas property in exploration/development stage is taken to acquisition cost under the respective category. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Producing Property when it is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment, such costs are expensed. Acquisition cost of a producing oil and gas property is capitalized as Producing Property.

6.2 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed in the year in which these are incurred.

6.3 Exploratory/ Development Wells in Progress

6.3.1 All acquisition costs, exploration costs involved in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalised as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per policy no. 6 4.1 or expensed in the year when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

6.3.2 All wells under “Exploratory Wells in Progress” which are more than two years old from the date of completion of drilling are charged to Profit and Loss Account except those wells where it could be reasonably demonstrated that the well has proved reserves and the development of the field in which the wells are located has been planned.

6.3.3 All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as Development Wells in Progress and transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per policy no. 6.4.

6.4 Producing Properties

6.4.1 Producing Properties are created in respect of an area/field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

6.4.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalised and reflected as Producing Properties.

6.5 Depletion of Producing Properties

Producing Properties are depleted using the “Unit of Production Method”. The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/licence/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs. In case of acquisition, cost of Producing Properties is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

6.6 Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

6.7 Side tracking

6.7.1 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is charged to Profit and Loss Account as dry wells.

6.7.2 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked development wells is considered as part of cost of development wells.

6.7.3 The cost of sidetracking in respect of existing producing wells is capitalized if it increases the proved developed reserves otherwise, charged to Profit and Loss Account as workover expenditure.

7. Impairment

Producing Properties, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP) and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a “Cash Generating Unit” (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances indicate any impairment recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is its 'value in use' or 'net selling price' (if determinable) whichever is higher. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss / reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the assets over the remaining useful life.

8. Abandonment Cost

8.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring offshore well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities are installed.

8.2 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring onshore well sites are recognized when the well is complete. Cost relating to dismantling abandoning and restoring its allied facilities are accounted for in the year in which such costs are incurred as the salvage value is expected to take care of the abandonment costs. The abandonment cost on dry well is charged to Profit and Loss Account.

Liability for abandonment cost is updated based on the technical assessment available at current costs with the Company.

9. Joint Ventures

The Company has Joint Ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various bodies corporate for exploration, development and production activities.

9.1 The income, expenditure, assets and liabilities of the Jointly Controlled Assets are merged on line by line basis according to the participating interest with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

9.2 Consideration for the right to participate in operations recoverable from new Joint Venture Partners are :

1. Reduced from respective capitalized cost wherever applicable.

2. Reduced from current expenditure to the extent it relates to current year.

3. Balance is considered as miscellaneous receipts.

9 .3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

10. Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.

11. Inventories

11.1 Finished Goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at Cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of Finished Goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

11.2 Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines upto Group Gathering Stations/Platforms and Natural Gas in Pipelines are not valued.

11.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at Weighted Average Cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non moving inventories.

11.4 Unserviceable items, when determined, are valued at estimated net realizable value.

12. Revenue Recognition

12.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

12.2 Sale of crude oil and gas (net of levies) produced from Exploratory Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

12.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for i the year of such revision.

12.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

a. Short-lifted quantity of gas.

b. Gas pipeline transportation charges and statutory duties thereon.

c. Reimbursable subsidies and grants.

d. Interest on delayed realization from customers.

e. Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers.

13. Depreciation and Amortisation

13.1 Depreciation on fixed assets is provided for under the written down value method in accordance with the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

13.2 Depreciation on additions/deletions during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except items of Plant and Machinery used in wells with 100% rate of depreciation and low value items not exceeding Rs.5000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

13.3 Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on fixed assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors, is provided for prospectively.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life at rates which are not less than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

13.4 Depreciation on fixed assets (including support equipment and facilities) used for exploration, drilling activities and on related equipment and facilities is initially capitalised as part of exploration cost, development cost or producing properties and expensed/depleted as stated in policy 6 above.

13.5 Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

13.6 Intangible assets are amortized over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization.

14. Foreign Exchange Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year end are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the profit and loss account except where such liabilities and /or transactions relate to fixed assets/ projects and these were incurred/ entered into before 1.4 2004 in which case, these are adjusted to the cost of respective fixed assets.

15. Employee Benefits

15.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

15.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

15.3 Employee benefits under defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post employment and other long-term benefits are recognized during the year.

15.4 Liability for gratuity as per actuarial valuation is funded with a separate trust.

16. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to Profit and Loss Account when incurred.

17. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are identifiable to Assets, Basins & Services are allocated to activities and the balance are charged to Profit and Loss Account. Such expenses at Headquarters are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

18. Insurance claims

The company accounts for insurance claims as under :-

18.1 In case of total loss of asset by transferring, either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head “Claims Recoverable-Insurance” on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost the difference is charged to Profit and Loss Account.

18.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as “Claims Recoverable-Insurance”. Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

18.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is adjusted to Profit and Loss Account.

19. Research Expenditure

Revenue expenses on Research are charged to Profit and Loss Account, when incurred.

20. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax Liability / Asset resulting from 'timing difference' between book and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty that the asset will be realized in future.

21. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

22. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days' costs are considered as unallocable and charged to Profit and Loss Account.

23. Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs/ Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVs), Geo Technical Vessels (GTVs), Well Stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs) Rig/equipment mobilization expenses and other related expenditure are considered as deferred expenditure and amortized over the period of use not exceeding five years.

24. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts.


Mar 31, 2010

1. Accounting Conventions

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), applying the Successful Efforts Method as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Oil and Gas Producing Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Accounting Standards issued under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the reporting period. The difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known or materialized.

3. Government Grants

Government grants for acquisition of fixed assets are initially treated as Capital Reserve and are subsequently recognized as income in the Profit & Loss Account on a systematic basis over the useful life of the assets in the proportion in which depreciation on those assets is charged.

4. Fixed Assets

4.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets received as donations/gifts are capitalised at assessed values with corresponding credit taken to Capital Reserve.

4.2 All costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets till the time of bringing the assets to working condition for intending use are capitalised.

5. Intangible Assets

Costs incurred on intangible assets, resulting in future economic benefits are capitalized as intangible assets.

6. Exploration, Development and Production Costs

6.1 Acquisition Cost

Acquisition cost of an oil and gas property in exploration/development stage is taken to acquisition cost under the respective category. Such costs are capitalized by transferring to Producing Property when it is ready to commence commercial production. In case of abandonment, such costs are expensed. Acquisition cost of a producing oil and gas property is capitalized as Producing Property,

6.2 Survey Cost

Cost of Survey and prospecting activities conducted in the search of oil and gas are expensed in the year in which these are incurred.

6.3 Exploratory/Development Wells in Progress

6.3.1 All acquisition costs, exploration costs involved in drilling and equipping exploratory and appraisal wells, cost of drilling exploratory type stratigraphic test wells are initially capitalised as Exploratory Wells in Progress till the time these are either transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per policy no. 6.4.1 or expensed in the year when determined to be dry or of no further use, as the case may be.

6.3.2 All wells under "Exploratory Wells in Progress" which are more than two years old from the date of completion of drilling are charged to Profit and Loss Account except those wells where it could be reasonably demonstrated that the well has proved reserves and the development of the field in which the wells are located has been planned.

6.3.3 All costs relating to Development Wells are initially capitalized as Development Wells in Progress and transferred to Producing Properties on completion as per policy no. 6.4.

6.4 Producing Properties

6.4.1 Producing Properties are created in respect of an area/field having proved developed oil and gas reserves, when the well in the area/field is ready to commence commercial production.

6.4.2 Cost of temporary occupation of land, successful exploratory wells, all development wells, depreciation on related equipment, facilities and estimated future abandonment costs are capitalised and reflected as Producing Properties.

6.5 Depletion of Producing Properties

Producing Properties are depleted using the Unit of Production Method. The rate of depletion is computed with reference to an area covered by individual lease/licence/asset/amortization base by considering the proved developed reserves and related capital costs incurred including estimated future abandonment costs. In case of acquisition, cost of Producing Properties is depleted by considering the proved reserves. These reserves are estimated annually by the Reserve Estimates Committee of the Company, which follows the International Reservoir Engineering Procedures.

6.6 Production Costs

Production costs include pre-well head and post well head expenses including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities.

6.7 Sidetracking

6.7.1 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked exploratory wells is charged to Profit and Loss Account as dry wells.

6.7.2 The cost of abandoned portion of side tracked development wells is considered as part of cost of development wells.

6.7.3 The cost of sidetracking in respect of existing producing wells is capitalized if it increases the proved developed reserves otherwise, charged to Profit and Loss Account as workover expenditure.

7. Impairment

Producing Properties, Development Wells in Progress (DWIP) and Fixed Assets (including Capital Works in Progress) of a "Cash Generating Unit" (CGU) are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. In case, events and circumstances indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of these assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized, whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is its value in use or net selling price (if determinable) whichever is higher. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of assets and from its disposal at the end of its useful life are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate.

An impairment loss is reversed if there is change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Impairment loss / reversal thereof is adjusted to the carrying value of the respective assets, which in case of CGU, is allocated to its assets on a pro-rata basis. Subsequent to impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the assets overthe remaining useful life.

8. Abandonment Cost

8.1 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring offshore well sites and allied facilities are recognized in respective assets when the well is complete / facilities are installed.

8.2 The full eventual estimated liability towards costs relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring onshore well sites are recognized when the well is complete. Cost relating to dismantling, abandoning and restoring its allied facilities are accounted for in the year in which such costs are incurred as the salvage value is expected to take care of the abandonment costs. The abandonment cost on dry well is charged to Profit and Loss Account.

Liability for abandonment cost is updated based on the technical assessment available at current costs with the Company.

9. Joint Ventures

The Company has Joint Ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with the Government of India and various bodies corporate for exploration, development and production activities.

9.1 The income, expenditure, assets and liabilities of the Jointly Controlled Assets are merged on line by line basis according to the participating interest with the similar items in the Financial Statements of the Company and adjusted for depreciation, depletion, survey, dry wells, abandonment, impairment and sidetracking in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company.

9.2 Consideration for the right to participate in operations recoverable from new Joint Venture Partners are:

1. Reduced from respective capitalized cost wherever applicable

2. Reduced from current expenditure to the extent it relates to current year.

3. Balance is considered as miscellaneous receipts.

9.3 The hydrocarbon reserves in such areas are taken in proportion to the participating interest of the Company.

10. Investments

Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision is made for any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.

11. Inventories

11.1 Finished goods (other than Sulphur) and stock in pipelines/tanks and carbon credits are valued at Cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost of Finished goods is determined on absorption costing method. Sulphur is valued at net realisable value. The value of inventories includes excise duty, royalty (wherever applicable) but excludes cess.

11.2 Crude oil in unfinished condition in flow lines upto Group Gathering Stations/platform and Natural Gas in Pipelines are not valued.

11.3 Inventory of stores and spare parts is valued at Weighted Average Cost or Net Realisable Value whichever is lower. Provisions are made for obsolete and non moving inventories.

11.4 Unserviceable items, when determined, are valued at estimated Net Realizable Value.

12. Revenue Recognition

12.1 Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of custody to customers.

12.2 Sale of crude oil and gas produced from Exploratory Wells in Progress is deducted from expenditure on such wells.

12.3 Sales are inclusive of all statutory levies except Value Added Tax (VAT). Any retrospective revision in prices is accounted for in the yearof such revision.

12.4 Revenue in respect of the following is recognized when there is reasonable certainty regarding ultimate collection:

a. Short-lifted quantity of gas.

b. Gas pipeline transportation charges and statutory duties thereon.

c. Reimbursable subsidies and grants.

d. Interest on delayed realization from customers.

e. Liquidated damages from contractors/suppliers.

13. Depreciation and Amortisation

13.1 Depreciation on fixed assets is provided for under the written down value method in accordance with the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

13.2 Depreciation on additions/deletions during the year is provided on pro rata basis with reference to the date of additions/deletions except items of Plant and Machinery used in wells with 100% rate of depreciation and low value items not exceeding Rs. 5000/- which are fully depreciated at the time of addition.

13.3 Depreciation on subsequent expenditure on fixed assets arising on account of capital improvement or other factors, is provided for prospectively.

Depreciation on refurbished/revamped assets which are capitalized separately is provided for over the reassessed useful life at rates which are not less than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

13.4 Depreciation on fixed assets (including support equipment and facilities) used for exploration, drilling activities and on related equipment and facilities is initially capitalised as part of exploration cost, development cost or producing properties and expensed/depleted as stated in policy 6 above.

13.5 Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period except perpetual leases.

13.6 Intangible assets are amortized over the useful life not exceeding five years from the date of capitalization.

14. Foreign Exchange Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year end are translated using mean exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the financial year. The loss or gain thereon and also the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense and adjusted to the profit and loss account except where such liabilities and /or transactions relate to fixed assets/ projects and these were incurred/ entered into before 1.4.2004 in which case, these are adjusted to the cost of respective fixed assets.

15. Employee Benefits

15.1 All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

15.2 Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising provident fund etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted obligations of the company to contribute to the plan. The same is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

15.3 Employee benefits under defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity, leave encashment, compensated absences, post retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation, which is computed on the basis of actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Liability in excess of respective plan assets is recognized during the year.

15.4 Liability for gratuity as per actuarial valuation is funded with a seoarate trust.

16. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is charged to Profit and Loss Account when incurred.

17. General Administrative Expenses

General administrative expenses which are identifiable to Assets, Basins & Services are allocated to activities and the balance are charged to Profit and Loss Account. Such expenses at Headquarters are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

18. Insurance claims

The company accounts for insurance claims as under :-

18.1 In case of total loss of asset by transferring, either the carrying cost of the relevant asset or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable-Insurance" on intimation to Insurer. In case insurance claim is less than carrying cost, the difference is charged to Profit and Loss Account.

18.2 In case of partial or other losses, expenditure incurred/payments made to put such assets back into use, to meet third party or other liabilities (less policy deductibles) if any, are accounted for as "Claims Recoverable-Insurance". Insurance Policy deductibles are expensed in the year the corresponding expenditure is incurred.

18.3 As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is adjusted to Profit and Loss Account.

19. Research Expenditure

Revenue expenses on Research are charged to Profit and Loss Account, when incurred.

20. Taxes on Income

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax Liability /Asset resulting from timing difference between book and taxable profit is accounted for considering the tax rate and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax Asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty that the asset will be realized in future.

21. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Cost specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

22. Rig Days Costs

Rig movement costs are booked to the next location planned for drilling. Abnormal Rig days costs are considered as unallocable and charged to Profit and Loss Account.

23. Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Dry docking charges of Rigs/ Multipurpose Supply Vessels (MSVs), Geo Technical Vessels (GTVs), Well Stimulation Vessels, Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs), Rig/equipment mobilization expenses and other related expenditure are considered as deferred expenditure and amortized over the period of use not exceeding five years.

24. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts.

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