United Spirits Ltd. நிறுவனத்தின் கணக்கியல் கொள்கைகள்

Mar 31, 2023

Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company” or "USL") is a public company domiciled and headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol and other allied spirits, including through tie-up manufacturing units and through strategic franchising of some of its brands.

These financial statements are approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 18, 2023.

The scheme of amalgamation between the Company and Pioneer Distilleries Limited("PDL") was approved by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) on November 4, 2022. The Company has filed the approved NCLT orders have been filed with the Registrar of Companies (RoC) on December 30, 2022. Pursuant to filing of the orders with the RoC, PDL was wound up without liquidation.

Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

(ii) Historical cost convention

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

• defined benefits plans - plan assets is measured at fair value; and

• share-based payment obligations measured at fair value

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III (Division II) to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its

operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current / non- current classification of assets and liabilities.

(iii) New and amended standards adopted

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs had vide notification dated March 23, 2022 notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022 which amended certain accounting standards, and are effective 1 April 2022. These amendments did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect the current or future periods.

(iv) Amendments to standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has vide notification dated March 31, 2023 notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 (the ''Rules'') which amends certain accounting standards, and are effective April 1, 2023:

• Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements

• Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

• Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes

The above amendments are not likely to have any material impact on the financial statements of the Company for the current or future reporting period.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (''), which is company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.3 Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost

less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All expenses in the nature of repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use at the balance sheet date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Asset category	Useful life (in years)
Buildings
- Roads	5
- Buildings	5.6 - 60
Plant and equipment
- Wooden casks	15
- Others	7.5 - 15
Furniture and Fittings	10
Office Equipment
- Computers	3
- Servers	3
- Others	5
Vehicles	5

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which are different than those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives. Estimated useful lives based on technical evaluation considers the impact of additional depreciation for working extra shifts.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts. These are accounted in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/ Other expenses, on a net basis.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Intangible assets

Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and are not amortised, but are assessed for impairment at every reporting date.

Computer software

Computer software acquired or developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customised computer software applications are recognised as intangible assets under development or intangible assets when ready for intended use, when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software,

c) it can be demonstrated that the software will generate probable future economic benefits,

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use the software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the customised computer software applications include employee

costs and other directly attributable costs and are amortised from the point at which the software asset is available for use.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortisation method and useful lives

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-lined method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

• Licenses - over the license period

• Computer software - 5 years

Impairment of assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.4 Leases

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is

available for use by the Company. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:

• fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments, for example arrangements that require payments based on agreed minimum production volumes),

• variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

• amounts expected to be payable by the Company under residual value guarantees

• the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

• payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising that option.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Company, the lessee''s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Company:

• where possible, uses recent third-party financing as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received; and

• makes adjustments specific to the lease, e.g. term and security.

If a readily observable amortising loan rate is available to the individual lessee (through recent financing or market data) which has a similar payment profile to the lease, then the Company use that rate as a starting point to determine the incremental borrowing rate.

Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Variable lease payments that depend on sales are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which the condition that triggers those payments occurs.

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

• the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability

• any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, and

• restoration costs.

Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset''s useful life.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low-value assets comprise small items of office equipment and furniture.

1.5 Investment property

Property that is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

Investment properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The useful life has been determined based on technical evaluation performed by the management''s expert.

1.6 Investments in subsidiaries and associate

Investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost/ deemed cost, less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.7 Financial Instruments

A) Financial Assets:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, all financial assets except trade receivables are recognised at fair value. Financial assets are subsequently classified and measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

i) Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional unless they contain significant financing components, when they are recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses (ECL). The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash flows through the expected life of financial instrument.

ii) Loans

On initial recognition, Loans are measured at fair value. Since the objective is to hold these financial assets to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal

and interest, these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any.

iii) Other financial assets:

On initial recognition, Other financial assets are measured at fair value, and subsequently, measured at the amortised cost, less impairment if any. Loss arising from impairment, if any is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) Debt instruments:

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company''s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset.

• Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost.

• Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI.

• Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

(v) Investment in mutual fund :

On initial recognition, these are measured at fair value, and subsequently, carried at fair value through profit and loss.

b) Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.

c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies ECL model for measurement and recognition of loss allowance on Trade

receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost.

In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the provision matrix approach (as permitted by Ind AS 109) wherein an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

The provision matrix is prepared based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forward-looking estimates are updated.

In case of other financial assets, the Company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

Subsequently, if the credit quality of the financial asset improve such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive (i.e., cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 12-month ECL are a portion of the lifetime ECL which result from default events that are possible within 12 months from the reporting date.

ECL are measured in a manner that they reflect

probability weighted amounts determined by a range of outcomes, taking into account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head ''Loss allowance on trade receivables and other financial assets''.

d) Income recognition

Dividend income on investments is recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established, it probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using effective interest rate method taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest, except for financial assets that subsequently become credit impaired.

For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance).

B) Financial Liabilities:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, financial liabilities are measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Trade and other payables

In case of trade and other payables, they are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently, these liabilities are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior

to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per credit period. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period.

b) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

C) Off-setting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

1.8 Inventories

Inventories which comprise raw materials, work-in-progress (intermediates), finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In determining the cost of inventories, weighted average cost method is used. In case of manufactured finished goods and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.9 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and balances with banks that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.10 Revenue recognition

Revenue comprises revenue from contracts with customers for sale of goods and income from brand franchisee royalties receivable. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duties and is net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes and such amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Revenue is recognised as and when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring goods or services to the customer, as below:

a. Revenue from sale of products:

Revenue is recognised on transfer of control, being on dispatch of goods or upon delivery to customer, in accordance with the terms of sale.

b. Revenue from manufacture and sale of products from tie-up manufacturing arrangements:

The Company has entered into arrangements with Tie-up Manufacturing Units (TMUs), where-in TMUs manufacture and sell beverage alcohol on behalf of the Company. Under such arrangements, the Company has exposure to significant risks and rewards in such arrangements i.e. it has the primary responsibility for providing goods to the customer, has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks. The Company is considered to be a principal in such arrangements with TMUs. Accordingly, the transactions of the TMUs under such arrangements have been recorded as gross revenue, excise duty and expenses as if they were transactions of the Company. The Company presents inventory held by the TMUs under such arrangements as its own inventory. The net receivables from/ payable to TMUs are recognised under other financial assets/ other financial liabilities respectively.

c. Income from brand franchise arrangements

Revenue in respect of fixed income brand franchise arrangements is recognised proportionately in each period. Income from variable franchise arrangements is recognised based on the terms of the respective contracts upon sale of products by the franchisees.

1.11 Employee benefits

a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and performance incentives that are expected

to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services rendered up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented under ''Other financial liabilities'' in the balance sheet.

b) Post-employment obligations

The Company''s defined benefit plans comprise gratuity, pension and provident fund (administered by trusts set up by the Company, where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the qualifying employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any, fall in substance, on the Company).

Pension and gratuity obligations

The net liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of pension and gratuity (defined benefit plans) is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Provident fund

The Company operates a defined benefit provident fund plan for certain category of eligible employees. The minimum statutory rate at which the annual rate of interest is payable to the beneficiaries of such plan is declared by the Central Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall if any, in the statutory rate prescribed by the Government and the rate of interest declared by the Trust. The Company also has an obligation to fund any shortfall in the fair value of plan assets as compared with the defined benefit obligation.

Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays predefined amounts to funds administered by government authority/ Company and does not have any legal or constructive obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise contributions in respect of Employees'' Provident Fund, Employees'' Pension Scheme, Employees'' State Insurance, Superannuation fund and National Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

c) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields of government bonds at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.

d) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is

within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

e) Share-based payments

Share based compensation benefits are provided to certain grades of employees in the form of United Spirits Limited- Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, a cash settled scheme, and various equity settled schemes managed by Diageo group.

Stock appreciation rights

Liabilities for the Company''s share appreciation rights are recognised as employee benefit expense over the relevant service period. The liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and are presented as current/ non-current provisions in the balance sheet.

Diageo group share based payment arrangements

The fair value of equity settled share options based on shares of Diageo plc. (the ultimate holding company) is initially measured at grant date and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and the credit is included in equity. At the end of each period, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market and service conditions. It recognises the impact of revision to original estimate, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Once the costs towards share option plans are cross charged by Diageo group companies, the same is accounted for as a reduction from equity. To the extent the amount or recharge exceeds the fair value of equity shares on the date of exercise, the same is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.12 Income tax

Income tax expense is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

1.13 Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived by dividing profit attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

1.14 Provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated.

A provision is made in respect of onerous contracts, i.e., contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contracts. Provisions are not recognised for other future operating losses. The carrying amounts of provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period.

The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.15 Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are derecognised from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any noncash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in Statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

1.16 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.17 Government Grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions are complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed.

When the grant relates to property, plant and equipment, it is recognised as deferred income and recognised as income in statement of profit and loss over the expected useful life of the related asset. When loan or similar assistance are provided by government or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is recognized at government rate. The loan or assistance is initially recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received.

1.18 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Statement of profit and loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature and incidence that its disclosure is relevant to explain more meaningfully the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

1.19 Segmental information

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. Executive committee, which has been identified as the chief operating decision maker, assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The executive committee consists of the

Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer and other senior management team members. Since segment disclosures have been provided in the consolidated financial statements, no such disclosures have been made in these standalone financial statements.

1.20 Equity

Own shares represent shares of the Company and those held in treasury by USL Benefit Trust. Pursuant to orders of the High Court of Karnataka and the High Court of Bombay, shares held in aforesaid trust have been treated as an investment.

Dividends - Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

1.21 Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III (Division II) to the Act, unless otherwise stated. The sign ''0'' in these financial statements indicates that the amounts involved are below '' five lakhs and the sign ''-'' indicates that amounts are nil.

2. Critical estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual result. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates and judgements are:

• Estimation of provisions recognised and contingent liabilities disclosed in respect of tax matters- Notes 8, 17, and 42;

• Impairment of loans, trade receivables and other financial assets - Notes 5, 6, 11 and 31.

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

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Mar 31, 2022

Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company” or "USL”) is a public company domiciled and headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol and other allied spirits, including through tie-up manufacturing units and through strategic franchising of some of its brands.

These financial statements are approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 27, 2022.

Note 1 - Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

(ii) Historical cost convention

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

• defined benefits plans - plan assets is measured at fair value; and

• share-based payment obligations measured at fair value

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III (Division II) to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current / non- current classification of assets and liabilities.

(iii) New and amended standards adopted

The Company has adopted the following amendments to Ind AS standards from April 1, 2021:

• Extension of COVID-19 related concessions -amendments to Ind AS 116

• Interest rate benchmark reform - amendments to Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments, Ind AS 107, Financial Instruments: Disclosures, Ind AS 104, Insurance Contracts and Ind AS 116, Leases.

The amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in current and prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect any future periods.

(iv) Amendments to standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has vide notification dated 23 March 2022 notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022 which amended the following accounting standards. These amendments are effective from April 01,2022 and early adoption is permitted in some cases.

• Ind AS 16, Property Plant and equipment

• Ind AS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

• Ind AS 101, First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards

• Ind AS 103, Business Combinations

• Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments

• Ind AS 41, Agriculture

The above amendments are not likely to have any material impact on the financial statements of the Company for the current or future reporting period.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.3 Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All expenses in the nature of repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use at the balance sheet date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Asset category	Useful life (in years)
Buildings
- Roads	5
- Buildings	30 - 60
Plant and equipment
- Wooden casks	15
- Others	7.5 - 15
Furniture and Fittings	10
Office Equipment
- Computers	3
- Servers	3
- Others	5
Vehicles	5

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which are different than those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives. Estimated useful lives based on technical evaluation considers the impact of additional depreciation for working extra shifts.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts. These are accounted in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/ Other expenses, on a net basis.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Intangible assets Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and are not amortised, but are assessed for impairment at every reporting date.

Computer software

Computer software acquired or developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customised computer software applications are recognised as intangible assets under development or intangible assets when ready for intended use, when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software,

c) it can be demonstrated that the software will generate probable future economic benefits,

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use the software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the customised computer software applications include employee costs and other directly attributable costs and are amortised from the point at which the software asset is available for use.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortisation method and useful lives

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-lined method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

> Licenses - over the license period

> Computer software - 5 years Impairment of assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.4 Leases

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Company. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:

• fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments, for example arrangements that require payments based on agreed minimum production volumes),

• variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

• amounts expected to be payable by the Company under residual value guarantees

• the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

• payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising that option.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Company, the lessee''s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Company:

• where possible, uses recent third-party financing as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received; and

• makes adjustments specific to the lease, e.g. term and security.

If a readily observable amortising loan rate is available to the individual lessee (through recent financing or market data) which has a similar payment profile to the lease, then the company use that rate as a starting point to determine the incremental borrowing rate.

Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Variable lease payments that depend on sales are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which the condition that triggers those payments occurs.

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

• the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability

• any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, and

• restoration costs.

Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset''s useful life.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low-value assets comprise small items of office equipment and furniture.

1.5 Investments in subsidiaries and associate

Investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost/ deemed cost, less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.6 Financial Instruments

A) Financial Assets:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value.

Financial assets are subsequently classified and measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

i) Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional unless they contain significant financing components, when they are recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these

assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses (ECL). The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash flows through the expected life of financial instrument.

ii) Loans

On initial recognition, Loans are measured at fair value. Since the objective is to hold these financial assets to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any.

iii) Other financial assets:

On initial recognition, Other financial assets are measured at fair value, and subsequently, measured at the amortised cost, less impairment if any. Loss arising from impairment, if any is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.

c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies ECL model for measurement and recognition of loss allowance on Trade receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost.

In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the provision matrix approach (as permitted by Ind AS 109) wherein an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

The provision matrix is prepared based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forwardlooking estimates. At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forward-looking estimates are updated.

In case of other financial assets, the Company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has

not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

Subsequently, if the credit quality of the financial asset improve such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive (i.e., cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 12-month ECL are a portion of the lifetime ECL which result from default events that are possible within 12 months from the reporting date.

ECL are measured in a manner that they reflect probability weighted amounts determined by a range of outcomes, taking into account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head ''Loss allowance on trade receivables and other financial assets''.

d) Income recognition

Dividend income on investments is recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established, it probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using effective interest rate method taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest, except for financial assets that subsequently become credit impaired.

For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net carrying amount

of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance)

B) Financial Liabilities:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, financial liabilities are measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Trade and other payables

In case of trade and other payables, they are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently, these liabilities are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per credit period. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period.

b) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

C) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories which comprise raw materials, work-in-progress (intermediates), finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In determining the cost of inventories, weighted average cost method is used. In case of manufactured finished goods and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on

the basis of normal capacity of production facilities. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and balances with banks that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue comprises revenue from contracts with customers for sale of goods and income from brand franchisee royalties receivable. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duties and is net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes and such amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Revenue is recognised as and when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring goods or services to the customer, as below:

a. Revenue from sale of products:

Revenue is recognised on transfer of control, being on dispatch of goods or upon delivery to customer, in accordance with the terms of sale.

b. Revenue from manufacture and sale of products from tie-up manufacturing arrangements:

The Company has entered into arrangements with Tie-up Manufacturing Units (TMUs), where-in TMUs manufacture and sell beverage alcohol on behalf of the Company. Under such arrangements, the Company has exposure to significant risks and rewards in such arrangements i.e. it has the primary responsibility for providing goods to the customer, has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks. The Company is considered to be a principal in such arrangements with TMUs. Accordingly, the transactions of the TMUs under such arrangements have been recorded as gross revenue, excise duty and expenses as if they were transactions of the Company. The Company presents inventory held by the TMUs under such arrangements as its own inventory. The net receivables from/ payable to TMUs are recognised under other financial assets/ other financial liabilities respectively.

c. Income from brand franchise arrangements

Revenue in respect of fixed income brand franchise arrangements is recognised proportionately in each period. Income from variable franchise arrangements is recognised based on the terms of the respective contracts upon sale of products by the franchisees.

1.10 Employee benefits

a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and performance incentives that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services rendered up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented under ''Other financial liabilities'' in the balance sheet.

b) Post-employment obligations

The Company''s defined benefit plans comprise gratuity, pension and provident fund (administered by trusts set up by the Company, where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the qualifying employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any, fall in substance, on the Company).

Pension and gratuity obligations

The net liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of pension and gratuity (defined benefit plans) is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in

retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Provident fund

The Company operates a defined benefit provident fund plan for certain category of eligible employees. The minimum statutory rate at which the annual rate of interest is payable to the beneficiaries of such plan is declared by the Central Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall if any, in the statutory rate prescribed by the Government and the rate of interest declared by the Trust. The Company also has an obligation to fund any shortfall in the fair value of plan assets as compared with the defined benefit obligation.

Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to funds administered by government authority/ Company and does not have any legal or constructive obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise contributions in respect of Employees'' Provident Fund, Employees'' Pension Scheme, Employees'' State Insurance, Superannuation fund and National Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

(c) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields of government bonds at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.

(d) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:

(a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

(e) Share-based payments

Share based compensation benefits are provided to certain grades of employees in the form of United Spirits Limited- Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, a cash settled scheme, and various equity settled schemes managed by Diageo group.

Stock appreciation rights

Liabilities for the Company''s share appreciation rights are recognised as employee benefit expense over the relevant service period. The liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and are presented as current/ non-current provisions in the balance sheet.

Diageo group share based payment arrangements

The fair value of equity settled share options based on shares of Diageo plc. (the ultimate holding company) is initially measured at grant date and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and the credit is included in equity. At the end of each period, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market and service conditions. It recognises the impact of revision to original estimate, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Once the costs towards share option plans are cross charged by Diageo group companies, the same is accounted for as a reduction from equity. To the extent the amount or recharge exceeds the fair value of equity shares on the date of exercise, the same is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.11 Income tax

Income tax expense is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the

reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

1.12 Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived by dividing profit attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

1.13 Provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. A provision is made in respect of onerous contracts, i.e., contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations

under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contracts. Provisions are not recognised for other future operating losses. The carrying amounts of provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.14 Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are derecognised from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any noncash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in Statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

1.15 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.16 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Statement of profit and loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature and incidence that its disclosure is relevant to explain more meaningfully the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

1.17 Segmental information

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. Executive committee, which has been identified as the chief operating decision maker, assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The executive committee consists of the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer and other senior management team members. Since segment disclosures have been provided in the consolidated financial statements, no such disclosures have been made in these standalone financial statements.

1.18 Equity

Own shares represent shares of the Company and those held in treasury by USL Benefit Trust. Pursuant to orders of the High Court of Karnataka and the High Court of Bombay, shares held in aforesaid trust have been treated as an investment.

Dividends - Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

1.19 Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III (Division II) to the Act, unless otherwise stated. The sign ''0'' in these financial statements indicates that the amounts involved are below '' five lakhs and the sign ''-'' indicates that amounts are nil.

2. Critical estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual result. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates and judgements are:

• Estimation of provisions recognised and contingent liabilities disclosed in respect of tax matters- Notes 8, 17 and 49

• Impairment of trade receivables- Note 31

• Impairment of loans to subsidiaries - Notes 5, 31 and 36

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

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Mar 31, 2021

Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

(ii) Historical cost convention

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

• defined benefits plans - plan assets is measured at fair value; and

• share-based payment obligations measured at fair value

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III (Division II) to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(iii) New and amended standards adopted

The Company has adopted the following amendments to Ind AS standards from April 1, 2020:

• Definition of Material - amendments to Ind AS 1 and Ind AS 8

• Definition of a Business - amendments to Ind AS 103

• COVID-19 related rent concessions - amendments to Ind AS 116

• Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - amendments to Ind AS 109 and Ind AS 107.

The amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in current and prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect any future periods.

(iv) Standard issued but not yet effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards. There are no new standards or amendments to existing standards which have been notified by the MCA and not yet been adopted by the Company.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.3 Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All expenses in the nature of repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use at the balance sheet date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Asset category	Useful life (in years)
Buildings
- Roads	5
- Buildings	30 - 60
Plant and equipment
- Wooden casks	15
- Others	7.5 - 15
Furniture and Fittings	10
Office Equipment
- Computers	3
- Servers	3
- Others	5
Vehicles	5

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which are different than those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives. Estimated useful lives based on technical evaluation considers the impact of additional depreciation for working extra shifts.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts. These are accounted in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/ Other expenses, on a net basis.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Intangible assets Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and are not amortised, but are assessed for impairment at every reporting date.

Computer software

Computer software acquired or developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customised computer software applications are recognised as intangible assets under development or intangible assets when ready for intended use, when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software,

c) it can be demonstrated that the software will generate probable future economic benefits,

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use the software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the customised computer software applications include employee costs and other directly attributable costs and are amortised from the point at which the software asset is available for use.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortisation method and useful lives

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful

life using the straight-lined method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

> Licenses - over the license period

> Computer software - 5 years

Impairment of assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.4 Leases

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Company. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:

• fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments, for example arrangements that require payments based on agreed minimum production volumes)

• variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

• amounts expected to be payable by the Company under residual value guarantees

• the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

• payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising that option.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the Company, the lessee''s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Company:

• where possible, uses recent third-party financing as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received; and

• makes adjustments specific to the lease, e.g. term and security.

If a readily observable amortising loan rate is available to the individual lessee (through recent financing or market data) which has a similar payment profile to the lease, then the company use that rate as a starting point to determine the incremental borrowing rate.

Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Variable lease payments that depend on sales are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which the condition that triggers those payments occurs.

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

• the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability

• any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, and

• restoration costs.

Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset''s useful life.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low-value assets comprise small items of office equipment and furniture.

1.5 Investments in subsidiaries and associate

Investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost/deemed cost, less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.6 Financial Instruments A) Financial Assets:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value.

Financial assets are subsequently classified and measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

i) Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional unless they contain significant financing components, when they are recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses (ECL). The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash flows through the expected life of financial instrument.

ii) Loans

On initial recognition, Loans are measured at fair value. Since the objective is to hold these financial assets to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any.

iii) Other financial assets:

On initial recognition, Other financial assets are measured at fair value, and subsequently, measured at the amortised cost, less impairment if any. Loss arising from impairment, if any is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.

c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies ECL model for measurement and recognition of loss allowance on Trade receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost.

In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the provision matrix approach (as permitted by Ind AS 109) wherein an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

The provision matrix is prepared based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forwardlooking estimates are updated.

In case of other financial assets, the Company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance. Subsequently, if the credit quality of the financial asset improve such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL. ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive (i.e., cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 12-month ECL are a portion of

the lifetime ECL which result from default events that are possible within 12 months from the reporting date.

ECL are measured in a manner that they reflect probability weighted amounts determined by a range of outcomes, taking into account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head ''Loss allowance on trade receivables and other financial assets''.

d) Income recognition

Dividend income on investments is recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established, it probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using effective interest rate method taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest, except for financial assets that subsequently become credit impaired.

For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance)

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Mar 31, 2019

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company"or"USL") is a public company domiciled and headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines), including through tie-up manufacturing units and through strategic franchising of some of its brands.

These financial statements are approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 29,2019.

Note 1 - Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

(ii) Historical cost convention

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following: Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• defined benefits plans - plan assets is measured at fair value

• share-based payment obligations measured at fair value; and

• assets held for sale measured at lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III (Division II) to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current/non- current classification of assets and liabilities.

(iii) New and amended standards adopted by the Company

The Company has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for its annual reporting period commencing April 1,2018:

• Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• Appendix B, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration to Ind AS 21, The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates

• Amendment to Ind AS 12, Income Taxes

The Company changed its accounting policy in respect of revenue recognition during the year, following the mandatory adoption of Ind AS 115. The impact on account of this has been disclosed in note 39. The other amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in prior period and current period, and are not expected to significantly affect the future periods.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rates at the date when fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.3 Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any except that on adoption of Ind AS, the Company had measured Property, plant and equipment at deemed cost, using the net carrying value as per previous GAAP as at March 31, 2015. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All expenses in the nature of repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use at the balance sheet date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Asset category	Useful life (in years)	Basis of determination of useful lives
Buildings
- Roads	5	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act
- Buildings	30-60	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act
Plant and equipment*
-Wooden casks	15	Management estimate
-Others	7.5-15	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act and management estimate
Furniture and Fittings	10	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act
Office Equipment
-Computers	3	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act
- Servers*	3	Management estimate
-Others	5	Assessed to be in line with Schedule II of the Act
Vehicles*	5	Management estimate

(*) Assets taken on finance lease under these asset categories are depreciated over their estimated useful lives as stated above or the primary lease term, whichever is shorter, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which are generally lower than those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives.

In respect of certain items of plant and equipment for which rates are prescribed under Schedule II of the Act, based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis, to reflect usage.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts. These are accounted in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/Other expenses, on a net basis.

Intangible assets

On adoption of Ind AS, the Company has measured Intangible assets at deemed cost, using the net carrying value as per previous GAAP as at March 31,2015.

Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and are not amortised, but are assessed for impairment at every reporting date.

Computer software

Computer software acquired or developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customised computer software applications are recognised as intangible assets under development or intangible assets when ready for intended use, when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software,

c) it can be demonstrated that the software will generate probable future economic benefits,

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use the software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the customised computer software applications include employee costs and other directly attributable costs and are amortised from the point at which the software asset is available for use.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortisation method and useful lives

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

> Licenses-over the license period

> Computer software- 5 years

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment atleast annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

Asset held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale under current assets if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable and is expected to be completed within one year from the balance sheet date. Such assets are not depreciated and are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of such asset to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset, but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of such non-current assets is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

1.4 Leases

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease''s inception at the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to Statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

1.5 Investments in subsidiaries and associates

Investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost/deemed cost, less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable a mount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.6 Financial Instruments

A) Financial Assets:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value.

Financial assets are subsequently classified and measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

i) Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method net of any Expected Credit Losses (ECL).The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash income through the expected life of financial instrument.

ii) Loans

On initial recognition. Loans are measured at fair value. Since the objective is to hold these financial assets to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any.

iii) Other financial assets:

On initial recognition. Other financial assets are measured at fair value, and subsequently, measured at the amortised cost, less impairment if any. Loss arising from impairment, if any is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.

c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies ECL model for measurement and recognition of loss allowance on Trade receivables and other financial assets measured at amortized cost.

In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the provision matrix approach (as permitted by Ind AS 109) wherein an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

The provision matrix is prepared based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forward-looking estimates are updated.

In case of other financial assets, the Company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.

Subsequently, if the credit quality of the financial asset improve such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive (i.e., cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 12-month ECL are a portion of the lifetime ECL which result from default events that are possible within 12 months from the reporting date.

ECL are measured in a manner that they reflect probability weighted amounts determined by a range of outcomes, taking into account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head ''Other expenses''.

d) Income recognition

Dividend income on investments is recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established, if probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using amortised cost taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

B) Financial Liabilities:

a) Recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, financial liabilities are measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Trade and other payables

In case of trade and other payables, they are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently, these liabilities are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid.The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per credit period. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period.

b) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

The Company did not have any financial instruments recognised at fair value through Profit and Loss/ fair value through Other Comprehensive Income anytime during the year or during the comparative year.

C) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories which comprise raw materials, work-in-progress (intermediates), finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In determining the cost of inventories, weighted average cost method is used. In case of manufactured finished goods and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and balances with banks that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue comprises revenue from contracts with customers for sale of goods and income from brand franchisee royalties receivable. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duties and is net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes. Goods and Services Tax (GST) and such amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Revenue is recognised as and when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring goods or services to the customer, as below:

a. Revenue from sale of products:

Revenue is recognised on transfer of control, being on dispatch of goods or upon delivery to customer, in accordance with the terms of sale.

b. Revenue from manufacture and sale of products from tie-up manufacturing arrangements:

The Company has entered into arrangements with Tie-up Manufacturing Units (TMUs), where-in TMUs manufacture and sell beverage alcohol on behalf of the Company. Under such arrangements, the Company has exposure to significant risks and rewards associated with the sale of products i.e. it has the primary responsibility for providing goods to the customer, has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks. Accordingly, the transactions of the TMUs under such arrangements have been recorded as gross revenue, excise duty and expenses as if they were transactions of the Company. The Company also presents inventory under such arrangements as its own inventory. The net receivables from/ payable to TMUs are recognised under other financial assets/other financial liabilities respectively.

c. Income from brand franchise arrangements

Revenue in respect of fixed income brand franchise arrangements is recognised proportionately in each period. Income from variable franchise arrangements is recognised based on the terms of the respective contracts upon sale of products by the franchisees.

1.10 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and performance incentives that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees''services rendered up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.The liabilities are presented under ''Other financial liabilities'' in the balance sheet.

(b) Post-employment obligations

The Company''s defined benefit plans comprise gratuity, pension and provident fund (administered by trusts set up by the Company, where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the qualifying employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any,fall in substance, on the Company).

Pension and gratuity obligations

The net liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of pension and gratuity (defined benefit plans) is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Provident fund

The Company operates a defined benefit provident fund plan for certain category of eligible employees. The minimum statutory rate at which the annual rate of interest is payable to the beneficiaries of such plan is administered by the Central Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall if any, in the statutory rate prescribed by the Government and the rate of interest declared by the Trust. The Company also has an obligation to fund any shortfall in the fair value of plan assets as compared with the defined benefit obligation.

Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to funds administered by government authority/ Company and does not have any legal or constructive obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise contributions in respect of Employees ''Provident Fund, Employees'' Pension Scheme, Employees'' State Insurance, Superannuation fund and National Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

(c) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields of government bonds at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.

(d) Share-based payments

Share based compensation benefits are provided to certain grades of employees in the form of United Spirits Limited-Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, a cash settled scheme, and various equity settled schemes managed by Diageo group.

Stock appreciation rights

Liabilities for the Company''s share appreciation rights are recognised as employee benefit expense over the relevant service period. The liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and are presented as current/ non-current provisions in the balance sheet.

Diageo group share based payment arrangements

The fair value of equity settled share options based on shares of Diageo pic. (the ultimate holding company) is initially measured at grant date and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and the credit is included in equity. At the end of each period, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market and service conditions. It recognises the impact of revision to original estimate, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Once the costs towards share option plans are cross charged by Diageo group, the same is accounted for as a reduction from equity. To the extent the amount or recharge exceeds the fair value of equity shares on the date of exercise, the same is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.11 Income tax

Income tax expense is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax on Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of deferred tax relating to MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer reasonable certainty that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

1.12 Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived by dividing profit attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

1.13 Provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. A provision is made in respect of onerous contracts, i.e., contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contracts. Provisions are not recognised for other future operating losses. The carrying amounts of provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.14 Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are derecognised from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in Statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

1.15 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.16 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Statement of profit and loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature or incidence that its disclosure is relevant to explain more meaningfully the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

1.17 Segmental information

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines), including through tie-up manufacturing units and through strategic franchising of some of its brands.The Executive Committee of the Company (being the Chief Operating Decision Maker) assesses performance and allocates resources for the business of the Company as a whole and hence the management considers company''s business activities as a single operating segment (viz. Beverage alcohol). Since segment disclosures have been provided in the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended March 31,2019, no segment disclosures have been made in these standalone financial statements.

1.18 Equity

Own shares represent shares of the Company and those held in treasury by USL Benefit trust. Pursuant to order of High Court of Karnataka and Bombay, shares held in aforesaid trust have been treated as an investment.

Dividends- Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

1.19 Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III (Division II) to the Act, unless otherwise stated.The sign ''O'' in these financial statements indicates that the amounts involved are below INR five lacs and the sign ''-'' indicates that amounts are nil.

1.20 Recent accounting pronouncements - Standards issued but not yet effective

a) Ind AS 116 Leases: On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 116, Leases. Ind AS 116 will replace the existing leases Standard, Ind AS 17 Leases, and related Interpretations. The Standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract i.e., the lessee and the lessor. Ind AS 116 introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than twelve months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. Currently, operating lease expenses are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Standard also contains enhanced disclosure requirements for lessees. Ind AS 116 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in Ind AS 17.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 116 is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The standard permits two possible methods of transition:

- Full retrospective - Retrospectively to each prior period presented applying Ind AS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

- Modified retrospective- Retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the Standard recognised at the date of initial application

The Company will adopt this standard from the financial year beginning April 1,2019, using the modified retrospective approach.

The Company is evaluating the impact of Ind AS 116 on the financial statements.

(b) Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments: On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments which is to be applied while performing the determination of taxable profit (or loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under Ind AS 12. According to the appendix, companies need to determine the probability of the relevant tax authority accepting each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, that the companies have used or plan to use in their income tax filing which has to be considered to compute the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment when determining taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.

The standard permits two possible methods of transition -

i) Full retrospective approach-Under this approach. Appendix C will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, without using hindsight and

ii) Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying Appendix C recognised by adjusting equity on initial application, without adjusting comparatives.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 12 Appendix C is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The Company will adopt the standard on April 1, 2019 and has decided to adjust the cumulative effect in equity on the date of initial application i.e. April 1,2019 without adjusting comparatives.

The above amendment is not expected to have a significant impact on these financial statements.

(c) Amendment to Ind AS 12 - Income taxes: On March 30,2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12,''Income Taxes'', in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes. The amendment clarifies that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The amendment is not likely to have any impact on the financial statements of the Company.

There are no other amendments which have been notified, that are likely to have any material impact on the financial statements of the Company

2. Critical estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual result. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates and judgements are:

• Estimation of defined benefit obligation - Note 38(b)

• Estimation of provisions and contingent liabilities- Notes 8,18,48 & 50

• Impairment of investments and loans to subsidiaries- Notes 4, 5 and 35

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

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Mar 31, 2018

Note 1 - Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind /AS

The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ‘Act’) [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

Effective April 1, 2016, the Company has adopted all the Ind AS and the adoption was carried out in accordance with Ind AS 101 First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, with April 1, 2015 as the transition date. The transition was carried out from financial statements prepared as per accounting standards prescribed under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

(ii) Historical cost convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

- defined benefit plans- plan assets measured at fair value;

- share-based payment obligations measured at fair value; and

- assets held for sale - measured at lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current / non- current classification of assets and liabilities.

(iii) Amended standards adopted by the Company

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, See Note 16.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss as part of fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income.

1.3 property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any except that on adoption of Ind AS, the Company had measured Property, plant and equipment at deemed cost, using the net carrying value as per previous GAAP as at March 31, 2015. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use at the balance sheet date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which are generally lower than those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives.

In respect of certain items of plant and equipment for which rates are prescribed in Part C of Schedule II of the Act, based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

Property, plant and equipment acquired on amalgamation are depreciated as per the above policy over the remaining useful life at the date of acquisition.

Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives as stated above or the primary lease term, whichever is shorter, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts. These are accounted in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/ Other expenses.

Intangible assets

On adoption of Ind AS, the Company has measured Intangible assets at deemed cost, using the net carrying value as per previous GAAP as at March 31, 2015.

Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and are not amortised, but are assessed for impairment at every reporting date.

Computer software

Computer software acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognized as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customised computer software applications are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software,

c) it can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits,

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use the software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the customised computer software applications include employee costs and other directly attributable costs and are amortised from the point at which the software asset is available for use.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, further economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortisation method and useful lives

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

- Licenses - over the license period

- Computer software - 5 years

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.4 Leases

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. All other lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to Statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

1.5 Investments in subsidiaries and associates

Investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at deemed cost at the date of transition to Ind AS. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.6 Financial Instruments

Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

- those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Financial assets - Initial recognition

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

Subsequent measurement

Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both (a) the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and (b) the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Debt instruments Measured at amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on sale or transfer a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Amortised cost is calculated using the effective interest rate (“EIR”) method by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):

A financial asset is measured at FVOCI, if it is held with an objective to collect contractual cash flows and selling such financial asset and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. It is subsequently measured at fair value with fair value movements recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVPL):

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for classification as amortised cost or as FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognised in profit or loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Note 31 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

For trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset is derecognised only when:

- The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset continues to be recognized to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Income Recognition

Dividend income on investments is recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income and guarantee commission is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using amortised cost taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories which comprise of raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In determining the cost, weighted average cost method is used. In case of manufactured finished goods and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Trade receivables

Trade receivables are initially recognised at their transaction price (fair value) and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

1.9 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and balances with banks that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.10 Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duties and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes, goods and service tax (GST) and such amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company’s activities as described below. The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

a. Sale of products

Revenue is recognised on dispatch of goods or on delivery to customer, in accordance with the terms of sale.

b. Revenue from manufacture and sale of products from tie-up manufacturing arrangements

The company has entered into arrangements with tie-up manufacturers (TMU), where-in TMUs manufacture and sell on behalf of the Company. Accordingly, the transactions of the tie-up units under such arrangements have been recorded as gross revenue, excise duty and expenses as if they were transactions of the Company.

c. Income from brand franchise arrangements

Income from brand franchise is recognised in terms of the respective contracts upon sale of products by the franchisees. Revenue in respect of fixed value brand franchise arrangements is recognized proportionately in each period. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax/ goods and service tax.

1.11 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and performance incentives that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(b) Post-employment obligations

The Company’s defined benefit plans comprise of gratuity, pension and provident fund (administered by trusts set up by the Company, where the Company’s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the qualifying employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any, fall in substance, on the Company).

Pension and gratuity obligations

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Provident fund

The Company operates a defined benefit provident fund plan for its certain category of employees. The minimum statutory rate at which the annual rate of interest is payable to the beneficiaries of such plan is administered by the Central Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall in the statutory rate prescribed by the Government and the rate of interest declared by the Trust. The Company also has an obligation to fund any shortfall in the fair value of plan assets as compared with the defined benefit obligation.

Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to publicly administered funds as per local regulations and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees’ provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees’ State Insurance and Employees’ Pension Scheme. The Company’s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

(c) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields of government bonds at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(d) Share-based payments

Share based compensated benefits are provided to certain grades of employees in the form of United Spirits Limited-Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, a cash settled scheme, and the Diageo Incentive Plan, an equity settled scheme.

Stock appreciation rights

Liabilities for the Company’s share appreciation rights are recognised as employee benefit expense over the relevant service period. The liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and are presented as current/ noncurrent provisions in the balance sheet.

Diageo incentive plan

The fair value of equity settled share options based on shares of Diageo plc. (the ultimate holding company) is initially measured at grant date and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and the credit is included in equity. At the end of each period, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market and service conditions. It recognizes the impact of revision to original estimate, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Once the costs towards share option plan are recharged by Diageo Plc, the same is accounted for as a reduction from equity.

1.12 Income tax

Income tax expense is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period in countries where Company has taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax on Minimum Alternative Tax (‘MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is reasonably certain that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of deferred tax relating to MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer reasonable certainty that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

1.13 Earnings per share (EpS)

Basic EPS is arrived by dividing profit attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

1.14 provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. A provision is made in respect of onerous contracts, i.e., contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contracts. Provisions are not recognised for other future operating losses. The carrying amounts of provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.15 Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are derecognized from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in Statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

1.16 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.17 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Statement of profit and loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

1.18 Segmental information

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines), including through tie-up manufacturing and through strategic franchising of some of its brands. The Executive Committee of the Company (being the Chief Operating Decision Maker) assesses performance and allocates resources for the business of the Company as a whole and hence the management considers company’s business activities as a single operating segment (viz. Beverage alcohol).

1.19 Equity

Own shares represent shares of the Company and those held in treasury by USL Benefit trust. Pursuant to order of High Court of Karnataka and Bombay, shares held in aforesaid trust have been treated as an investment.

Dividends - Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

1.20 Assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale under current assets if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable and is expected to be sold within one year from the balance sheet date. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expense attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet under the heading Current assets. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

1.21 Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are recognised as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued. The liability is initially measured at fair value and subsequently at the higher of the amount determined in accordance with Ind AS 37 and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amortisation, where appropriate. The fair value of financial guarantees is determined as the present value of the difference in net cash flows between the contractual payments under the debt instrument and the payments that would be required without the guarantee, or the estimated amount that would be payable to a third party for assuming the obligations.

1.22 Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per credit period. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

1.23 Common control transactions

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the Company are accounted for using the pooling of interests method as follows:

- The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

- No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonise accounting policies.

- The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination. However, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

- The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee or is adjusted against general reserve.

- The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

- The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

1.24 Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, unless otherwise stated. The sign ‘0’ in these standalone Ind AS financial statements indicates that the amounts involved are below INR five lacs and the sign ‘-’ indicates that amounts are nil.

1.25 Recent accounting pronouncements

1. Standards issued but not yet effective

a) Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contract with Customers: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) has notified the Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contract with Customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Further the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts with customers.

The standard permits two possible methods of transition:

- Retrospective approach - Under this approach the standard will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8- Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

- Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (Cumulative catch - up approach)

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 115 is financial periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the standard and the impact on the financial statements.

b) Ind AS 12- Income Taxes: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) has amended Ind AS 12, Income taxes which clarifies the accounting for deferred taxes where an asset is measured at fair value and that fair value is below the asset’s tax base. They also clarify certain other aspects of accounting for deferred tax.

The effective date for adoption of this amendment is on or after April 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the standard and the impact on the financial statements.

c) Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency.

The effective date for adoption of this amendment is on or after April 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the standard and the impact on the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2017

Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company" or "USL") is a public company domiciled and headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines).

These financial statements are approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 30, 2017.

Note 1 - Significant accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) Compliance with Ind /AS

The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The financial statements up to year ended March 31, 2016 were prepared in accordance with the accounting standards notified under Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act (previous GAAP).

These financial statements are the first financial statements of the Company under Ind AS. Refer Note 61 for an explanation of how the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS has affected the Company''s financial position as at March 31, 2016 and April 1, 2015 and financial performance and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2016.

(ii) Historical cost convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

- certain financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value;

- defined benefit plans- plan assets measured at fair value;

- share-based payment obligations; and

- assets held for sale - measured at lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III (division II) to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of asset for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current / non- current classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is Company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognized in Statement of profit and loss. A monetary item for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is considered as a part of the entity''s net investment in that foreign operation.

1.3 Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment loss, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of assets as below:

Useful lives of asset classes determined by management estimate, which differ from those prescribed under Schedule II of the Act are supported by internal technical assessment of the useful lives.

In respect of certain items of plant and equipment for which rates are prescribed in Part C of Schedule II of the Act based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

Property, plant and equipment acquired on amalgamation are depreciated as per the above policy over the remaining useful life at the date of acquisition.

Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives as stated above or the lease term, whichever is shorter, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

Disposals

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in Statement of profit and loss within Other income/ Other expenses.

Intangible assets

Brands and Licenses

Licenses acquired are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. Brands are regarded as having indefinite useful economic lives and are not amortized.

Computer software

Costs associated with maintaining software programs are recognized as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of customized computer software applications are recognized as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

a) it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use.

b) there is an ability to use or sell the software.

c) it can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits.

d) adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell software are available, and

e) the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalized as part of the customized computer software applications include employee costs and other directly attributable costs.

Capitalized development costs are recorded as intangible assets and amortized from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, further economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

Amortization methods and periods

The Company amortizes intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life as follows:

- Licenses - over the license period

- Computer software - 5 years

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recognized as at April 1, 2015 measured as per previous GAAP and use that carrying value as deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

1.4 Leases

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. All other lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the lease''s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to Statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

1.5 Investments in subsidiaries and associates

Investments (including deemed investments) in subsidiaries and associates are carried at deemed cost less accumulated impairment losses. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. From time to time, Company provides loans to subsidiaries on mutually agreed terms. Where Company expects to recover these loans only on sale or liquidation of the subsidiary, such loans are treated as a deemed equity investment in subsidiary. The loans are presented under ''Investments in subsidiaries'' and carried at cost (net of impairment allowance) in accordance with Ind AS 27.

On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.6 Financial Instruments

Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

- those measured at amortized cost.

The classification depends on the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Financial assets - Initial recognition

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

Subsequent measurement

Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both (a) the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and (b) the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Debt instruments measured at amortized cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Amortized cost is calculated using the effective interest rate ("EIR") method by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):

A financial asset is measured at FVOCI, if it is held with an objective to collect contractual cash flows and selling such financial asset and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. It is subsequently measured at fair value with fair value movements recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognized in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVPL):

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company''s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognized in profit or loss as other income when the Company''s right to receive payments is established.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and at FVOCI. The credit loss is difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. This is assessed on an individual or collective basis after considering all reasonable and supportable information including that which is forward-looking.

For trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables.

The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset is derecognized only when:

- The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognized. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognized.

Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognized if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward foreign exchange contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in Statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Recognition of Income from Investments and other financial assets

Dividend income on investments is recognized and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Interest income and guarantee commission is accounted for on a time-proportion basis using amortized cost taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories which comprise of raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In determining the cost, weighted average cost method is used. In case of manufactured finished goods and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Trade receivables

Trade receivables are initially recognized at their transaction price (fair value) and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

1.9 Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and balances with banks that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

1.10 Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duties and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The Company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company''s activities as described below. The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

a. Sale of products

Revenue is recognized on dispatch of goods or on delivery to customer, in accordance with the terms of sale.

b. Revenue from tie-up manufacturing arrangements

The company has entered into arrangements with tie-up manufacturers (TMU), where-in TMUs manufacture and sell on behalf of the Company. Accordingly, the transactions of the tie-up units under such arrangements have been recorded as gross revenue, excise duty and expenses as they were transactions of the Company.

c. Income from brand franchise arrangements

Income from brand franchise is recognized in terms of the respective contracts upon sale of the products by the franchisees. Revenue in respect of fixed value brand franchise arrangements is recognized proportionately in each period. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax.

1.11 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and performance incentives that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employee''s services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

Defined contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to publicly administered funds as per local regulations and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees'' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees'' State Insurance and Employees'' Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognized as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

(b) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields of government bonds at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in Statement of profit and loss.

The obligations are presented as current / non-current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(c) Post-employment obligation

The Company''s defined benefit plans comprise of gratuity, pension and provident fund (administered by trusts set up by the Company, where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the qualifying employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any, fall in substance, on the Company).

The liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

(d) Share-based payments

Share based compensated benefits are provided to certain grades of employees in the form of United Spirits Limited-Stock Appreciation Rights Plan, a cash settled scheme, and the Diageo Incentive Plan, an equity settled scheme.

Stock appreciation rights

Liabilities for the Company''s share appreciation rights are recognized as employee benefit expense over the relevant service period. The liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date and are presented as provisions in the balance sheet.

Diageo incentive plan

The fair value of equity settled share options based on shares of Diageo Plc. (the ultimate holding company) is initially measured at grant date and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and the credit is included in equity. At the end of each period, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market and service conditions. It recognizes the impact of revision to original estimate, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Once the costs towards share option plan are recharged by Diageo Plc, the same is accounted for as a reduction from equity.

1.12 Income tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period in countries where Company has taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognized in Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. Interest and penalties on Income-tax has been disclosed with current tax charge.

Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is reasonably certain that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer reasonable certainity to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. MAT credit entitlement is presented as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet.

1.13 Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived by dividing profit attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

1.14 Provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. A provision is made in respect of onerous contracts, i.e., contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contracts. Provisions are not recognized for other future operating losses. The carrying amounts of provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.15 Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment and amortized over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are derecognized from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in Statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

1.16 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.17 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Statement of profit and loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

1.18 Segmental information

Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines), including through tie-up manufacturing/brand franchise. The Company has identified its Executive Committee as the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The Executive Committee assesses performance and allocates resources for ''Prestige and Above'' and ''Popular'' brand segments. Since both these segments meet the aggregation criteria as per the requirements of Ind AS 108 on ''Operating segments'', the management considers these business activities as a single reportable segment.

1.19 Equity

Own shares represent shares and share options of the Company that are held in treasury by USL Benefit trust. Pursuant to order of High Court of Karnataka and Bombay, shares held in aforesaid trust shall be treated as part of investment in subsidiary.

Dividends - Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

1.20 Assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale under current assets if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable and is expected to be sold within one year from the balance sheet date. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognized for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognized. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale. Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet under the heading Current assets. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

1.21 Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are recognized as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued. The liability is initially measured at fair value and subsequently at the higher of the amount determined in accordance with Ind AS 37 and the amount initially recognized less cumulative amortization, where appropriate. The fair value of financial guarantees is determined as the present value of the difference in net cash flows between the contractual payments under the debt instrument and the payments that would be required without the guarantee, or the estimated amount that would be payable to a third party for assuming the obligations.

1.22 Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per credit period. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognized initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

1.23 Common control transactions

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the Company are accounted for using the pooling of interests method as follows:

- The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

- No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognize any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonize accounting policies.

- The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination. However, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

- The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee or is adjusted against general reserve.

- The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

- The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

1.24 Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, unless otherwise stated. The sign ''0'' in these Ind AS standalone financial statements indicates that the amounts involved are below INR five lacs and the sign ''-'' indicates that amounts are nil.

1.25 Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective

In March 2017, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying amendments to Ind AS 7, ''Statement of Cash Flows'' and Ind AS 102,''Share-based payment'' These amendments are in accordance with the amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to IAS 7, ''Statement of Cash Flows'' and IFRS 2, ''Share-based payment'', respectively. The amendments are applicable to the Company from April 1, 2017.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financial activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and the closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from the financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and believes that the effect on the financial statements is unlikely to be material.

Amendment to Ind AS 102:

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance to measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes.

It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Market-based performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are reflected in the ''fair values'', but non-market performance conditions and service vesting conditions are reflected in the estimate of the number of awards expected to vest. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that includes a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and believes that the impact on the financial statements is unlikely to be material.

2. Critical estimates and judgments

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual result. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgment or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgments is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates or judgments are:

- Estimation of defined benefit obligation - Note 39

- Estimation of provisions and contingent liabilities - Notes 18 and 54

- Impairment of investments in subsidiaries - Note 36

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

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Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company") is a public company domiciled and headquartered in India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines).

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, on the accrual basis of accounting. GAAP comprises Accounting Standards as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act') read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the provisions of the Act and the Companies Act,1956 (to the extent applicable) and the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ('SEBI').

1.3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

1.4 Fixed assets (Tangible and intangible)

(a) Tangible fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition or construction and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned less accumulated depreciation, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of fixed assets acquired in amalgamations (and accounted under purchase method) are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Fixed assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible fixed assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation, if any.

(e) The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

1.5 Leases

Assets acquired under leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as under leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Statement of Profit and loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

Income from operating leases is credited to Statement of Profit and loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

1.6 Depreciation and amortisation

(a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at the useful life as prescribed in Part C of Schedule II of the Act except for the following, whose useful life is based on Management's estimate:

(i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively;

(ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Act based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

Useful lives of the above assets is based on the internal assessment. Management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which Management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful life as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Act.

(b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation are depreciated over the remaining useful life at the date of acquisition.

(c) Assets taken on finance lease are amortised over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower.

(d) Leasehold land is not amortised.

(e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss in the year of amalgamation.

(f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the Management:

Trademark, formulae and license - 10 years

(g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the shorter of period of lease or useful life.

(h) Depreciation on additions and disposals during the year is provided on proportionate basis.

1.7 impairment

The Company assesses at each Balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss. If at the Balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

1.8 investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value, for each investment individually.

1.9 inventories

Inventories which comprise of raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials, stores and spares and loose tools are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value.

Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion, borrowing cost and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

In determining the cost, weighted average cost method is used. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.10 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

1.11 Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of property in the goods for a price or all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer which is generally on dispatch of goods from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under "Tie-up" agreements (Tie-up units) comprises surplus income from Tie-up units (net share of the Company) and is recognised on the basis of the information provided to the Company by the Tie-up units. Income arising from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Income from distribution service is accounted based on the terms of the agreements for the service.

Interest income and guarantee commission is accounted on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

1.12 Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment. Upon reclassification of such non-integral foreign operations to integral foreign operations, all future exchange differences on the said monetary items are adjusted to Statement of Profit and loss. Exchange differences accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve till such reclassification are not adjusted to Statement of Profit and loss until the disposal of such foreign operations.

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains/ losses arising there from are adjusted to the statement of Profit and loss. The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes. Premium or discount arising at the inception of forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the statement of Profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 'The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

1.13 Employee benefits

(a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees' State Insurance and Employees' Pension Scheme. The Company's payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

Death benefit:

The Company has Group term policy with a Insurance company with lump sum coverage for a specific category of executives. Premium paid to Insurance company are recognised as expense. The Company will not have any further liability. On death of an employee, specific amount will be paid by Insurance company to the nominee of the deceased.

(b) Defined-benefit plans Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the Balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and loss as income or expense. Gratuity fund benefits are administered by a Trust formed for this purpose.

Provident fund:

The Company's provident funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Company's obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the Balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and loss as income or expense, as the case may be.

(c) Other employee benefits:

i) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the obligation as at the Balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

ii) Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences for e.g. paid annual leave, performance incentives, etc.

1.14 Expenditure on account of voluntary retirement scheme

Expenditure on account of voluntary retirement scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

1.15 Research and development

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, further economic benefit are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

1.16 Taxes on income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable / virtual certainty (as the case may be) that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

1.17 Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on net Profit / (loss) after taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

1.18 Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on Management estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current Management estimates.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

1.19 Contingencies

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.20 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium account as permitted by Section 52 of the Act.

1.21 Debt issue costs

Expenditure incurred for raising borrowed funds represents ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and is amortised over the tenure of the respective borrowings. Amortisation of such debt issue costs is included under finance costs.

1.22 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition or construction or manufacture of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.23 Government grants related to revenue

Government grants related to revenue are recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the reasonable certainty exists of the collection.

1.24 Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within Profit or loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

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Mar 31, 2014

1. Company overview

United Spirits Limited ("the Company") is a public company domiciled and headquartered in India. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the Bangalore Stock Exchange Limited, BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacture, purchase and sale of beverage alcohol (spirits and wines).

2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company are prepared under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, on the accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India. GAAP comprises, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (to the extent applicable) and the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (''SEBI'').

3. Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

4. Fixed assets (Tangible and Intangible)

(a) Tangible fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition or construction and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned less accumulated depreciaton, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of fixed assets acquired in amalgamations (and accounted under purchase method) are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Fixed assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible fixed assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation, if any.

(e) The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in- progress.

5. Leases

Assets acquired under leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as under leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

Income from operating leases is credited to Statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

(a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for the following, which are based on management''s estimate of useful life of the assets concerned:

(i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively;

(ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

(b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation are depreciated over the remaining useful life at the date of acquisition and computed based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, as below:

Buildings - Factory 1 to 30 years

(c) Assets taken on finance lease are amortised over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower.

(d) Leasehold Land is not amortised.

(e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Statement of profit and loss in the year of amalgamation.

(f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the management:

Trademark, Formulae and Licence 10 years

(g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

(h) Depreciation on additions and disposals during the year is provided on proportionate basis. Fixed assets individually costing less than Rs 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

7. Impairment

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is re- flected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been deter- mined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

8. Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value, for each investment individually.

9. Inventories

Inventories which comprise raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, stock-in-trade, packing materials, stores and spares and loose tools are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion, borrowing cost and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

In determining the cost, weighted average cost method is used. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in- progress, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

10. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

11. Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of property in the goods for a price or all significant risks and re- wards of ownership to the buyer which is generally on dispatch of goods from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under "Tie-up" agreements (Tie-up units) comprises surplus income from Tie-up units (net share of the Company) and is recognised on the basis of the information provided to the Company by the Tie-up units. Income arising from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Income from distribution service is accounted based on the terms of the agreements for the service.

Interest income and guarantee commission is accounted on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

12. Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment.

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restat- ed at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains/ losses arising there from are adjusted to the Statement of profit and loss, except those covered by forward contracted rates where the premium or discount arising at the incep- tion of such forward exchange contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 ''The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates'', the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) dated 29 March 2008, whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

13. Employee benefits

(a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees'' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees'' State Insurance and Employees'' Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

Death benefit :

During the financial year, the Company has taken Group term policy with a Insurance company with lump sum coverage for a specific category of executives. Premium paid to Insurance company are recognised as expense. The Company will not have any further liability. On death of an employee, specific amount will be paid by Insurance company to the nominee of the deceased. In the earlier years, the Company had an insurance policy where the lia- bility was not fully covered and the death benefit payable at the time of death was based on respective employee''s last drawn salary and remaining years of employment with the Company after adjustments for any compensation received from the insurance company and restricted to limits set forth in the said plan.

(b) Defined-benefit plans

Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of profit and loss as income or expense. Gratuity fund benefits are administered by a Trust formed for this purpose.

Provident fund:

The Company''s provident funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk if any fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are ac- crued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of profit and loss as income or expense.

(c) Other employee benefits:

i) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the obliga- tion at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

ii) Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences (e.g., paid annual leave), performance incentives, etc.

14. Expenditure on account of voluntary retirement scheme

Expenditure on account of voluntary retirement scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

15. Research and development

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and com- mercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, further economic benefit are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the product and the costs can be measured reliably.

16. Taxes on income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/ virtual certainty (as the case may be) that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis)where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

17. Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on Net Profit after Taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

18. Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

19. Contingencies

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources or an obligation for which the future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of re- sources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

20. Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956.

21. Debt issue costs

Expenditure incurred for raising borrowed funds represents ancilliary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and is amortised over the tenure of the respective borrowings. Amortisation of such debt issue costs is included under Finance Costs.

22. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition or construction or manufacture of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

23. Government grants related to revenue

Government grants related to revenue are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the reasonable certainty exists of the collection.

24. Exceptional items

When an item of income or expense within profit or loss from ordinary activity is of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed as exceptional items.

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Mar 31, 2013

1.1 Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements of the Company are prepared under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

1.2 Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of Fixed Assets acquired in amalgamations are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or nearer thereto, or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any.

1.3 Leases

Assets acquired under Leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis.

Income from operating leases is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

1.4 Depreciation and Amortisation

(a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for the following, which are based on management''s estimate of useful life of the assets concerned:

(i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively;

(ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Schedule XIV based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

(b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation over the remaining useful life computed based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV, as below:

Buildings - Factory 1 to 30 years

- Non factory 1 to 54 years

Plant & Machinery 1 to 20 years

Vehicles 1 to 4 years

Computers 1 to 2 years

(c) Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower

(d) Leasehold Land is not amortised.

(e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of amalgamation.

(f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the management:

Trademark, Formulae and Licence 10 years

(g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

(h) Fixed assets individually costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation charged as above is not less than the minimum specified as per Schedule XIV.

1.5 Impairment

Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent the carrying amounts of assets exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price of an asset and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

1.6 Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost to the Company. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at cost or market value, whichever is less.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. The costs are, in general, ascertained under Weighted Average Method. Finished goods and Work-in-Progress include appropriate manufacturing overheads and borrowing costs, as applicable. Excise/ Customs duty payable on stocks in bond is added to the cost. Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

1.9 Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are despatched from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under "Tie-up" agreements (Tie-up units) and income from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

1.10 Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Liabilities/ assets in foreign currencies are reckoned in the accounts as per the following principles:

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment.

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains/ losses arising there from are adjusted to the Statement of Profit and Loss, except those covered by forward contracted rates where the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forward exchange contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 ''The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates'', the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) dated March 29, 2008, whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

1.11 Employee Benefits

(a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees'' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees'' State Insurance and Employees'' Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

(b) Defined-benefit plans Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to certain categories of employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense. Gratuity fund benefits are administered by a Trust formed for this purpose.

Provident Fund:

Company''s Provident Funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Company''s obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

Death Benefit:

Death Benefit payable at the time of death is actuarially ascertained at the year-end and provided for in the accounts.

(c) Other employee benefits:

i) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

ii) Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences (e.g., paid annual leave), performance incentives, etc.

1.12 Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

1.13 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. Capital Expenditure is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

1.14 Taxes on Income

Tax expense comprises current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/ virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

1.15 Earnings per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on Net Profit after Taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The Diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as Basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

1.16 Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.

1.17 Contingencies

Liabilities which are material and whose future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty are treated as contingent and, to the extent not provided for, are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements.

1.18 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956.

1.19 Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

1.20 Debt Issue Costs

Expenditure incurred for raising borrowed funds represents ancilliary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and is amortised over the tenure of the respective borrowings. Amortisation of such debt issue costs is included under Finance Costs.

1.21 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

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Mar 31, 2012

1.1 Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements of the Company are prepared under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

1.2 Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of Fixed Assets acquired in amalgamations are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or nearer thereto, or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impair- ment losses if any.

1.3 Leases

Assets acquired under Leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classi- fied as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis.

Income from operating leases is credited to Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

1.4 Depreciation and Amortisation

(a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for the following, which are based on management's estimate of useful life of the assets concerned:

(i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively; (ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Schedule XIV based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

(b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation over the remaining useful life computed based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV, as below:

Buildings - Factory 1 to 30 years

- Non factory 1 to 54 years

Plant & Machinery 1 to 20 years

Vehicles 1 to 4 years

Computers 1 to 2 years

(c) Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower.

(d) Leasehold Land is not amortised.

(e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of amalgamation

(f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the management:

Trademark, Formulae and Licence 10 years

(g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

(h) Fixed assets individually costing less than Rs 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation charged as above is not less than the minimum specified as per Schedule XIV.

1.5 Impairment

Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent the carrying amounts of assets exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price of an asset and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

1.6 Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost to the Company. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at cost or market value, whichever is less.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. The costs are, in general, ascertained under Weighted Average Method. Finished goods and Work-in-Progress include appropriate manufacturing overheads and borrowing costs, as applicable. Excise/ Customs duty payable on stocks in bond is added to the cost. Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.8 Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

1.9 Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are despatched from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under "Tie-up" agreements (Tie-up units) and income from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

1.10 Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Liabilities/ assets in foreign currencies are reckoned in the accounts as per the following principles:

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment.

Exchange differences arising on reporting of long term foreign currency monetary items, with the exception of exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investment in a non-integral foreign operation, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the period or reported in previous financial statements, are accounted as below:

(a) In so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable capital assets, are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset; and

(b) In other cases, the said exchange differences are accumulated in a 'Foreign Currency Monetary Items Translation Difference Account' and amortised over the balance period of such long term asset/liability but not beyond March 31, 2011.

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains / losses arising there from are adjusted to the Statement of Profit and Loss, except those covered by forward contracted rates where the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forward exchange contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 'The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) dated March 29, 2008, whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

1.11 Employee Benefits

(a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees' State Insurance and Employees' Pension Scheme. The Company's payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

(b) Defined-benefit plans Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to certain categories of employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense. Gratuity fund benefits are administered by a Trust formed for this purpose.

Provident Fund:

Company's Provident Funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Company's obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the Balance Sheet date. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

Death Benefit:

Death Benefit payable at the time of death is actuarially ascertained at the year-end and provided for in the accounts.

(c) Other employee benefits:

i) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the Balance Sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

ii) Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences (e.g., paid annual leave), performance incentives, etc.

1.12 Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

1.13 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. Capital Expenditure is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

1.14 Taxes on Income

Tax expense comprises current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/ virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

1.15 Earnings per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on Net Profit after Taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The Diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as Basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

1.16 Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.

1.17 Contingencies

Liabilities which are material and whose future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty are treated as contingent and, to the extent not provided for, are disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.

1.18 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956.

1.19 Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

1.20 Debt Issue Costs

Expenditure incurred for raising borrowed funds represents ancilliary costs incurred in connection with the arrange- ment of borrowings and is amortised over the tenure of the respective borrowings. Amortisation of such debt issue costs is included under Finance Costs.

1.21 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

21. (a) Defined Contribution Plans

The Company offers its employees defined contribution plans in the form of Provident Fund (PF) and Employees' Pension Scheme (EPS) with the government, Superannuation Fund (SF) and certain state plans such as Employees' State Insurance (ESI). PF and EPS cover substantially all regular employees while the SF covers certain executives and the ESI covers certain workers. Contribution to SF is made to trust managed by the Company, while other contributions are made to the Government's funds. While both the employees and the Company pay predetermined contributions into the provident fund and the ESI Scheme, contributions into the pension fund and the superannuation fund are made only by the Company. The contributions are normally based on a certain proportion of the employee's salary.

During the year, the Company has recognised the following amounts in the Statement of Profit and Loss, which are included in Contribution to Provident and other funds

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to its employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees, at retirement or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and years of employment with the Company. The Company has employees' gratuity funds managed by the Company as well as by Insurance Companies.

Provident Fund:

For certain executives and workers of the Company, contributions are made as per applicable Indian laws towards Provident Fund to certain Trusts set up and managed by the Company, where the Company's obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk fall, in substance, on the Company. Having regard to the assets of the Fund and the return on the investments, shortfall in the assured rate of interest notified by the Government, which the Company is obliged to make good is determined actuarially.

Death Benefit:

The Company provides for Death Benefit, a defined benefit plan (the Death Benefit Plan), to certain categories of employees. The Death Benefit Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees, on death, of an amount based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and remaining years of employment with the Company after adjustments for any compensation received from the insurance company and restricted to limits set forth in the said plan. The Death Benefit Plan is Non-Funded.

---

Mar 31, 2011

1. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements of the Company are prepared under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

2. Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of Fixed Assets acquired in amalgamations are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or nearer thereto, or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

3. Leases

Assets acquired under Leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

4. Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (Schedule XIV) except for the following, which are based on management's estimate of useful life of the assets concerned:

i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively;

ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Schedule XIV based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation over the remaining useful life computed based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV, as below:

Buildings - Factory 1 to 30 years

- Non factory 1 to 54 years

Plant & Machinery 1 to 20 years

Vehicles 1 to 4 years

Computers 1 to 2 years

c) Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower.

d) Leasehold Land are not amortised.

e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year of amalgamation.

f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the management:

Trademark, Formulae and Licence 10 years

g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

Depreciation charged as above is not less than the minimum specified as per Schedule XIV

5. Impairment

Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent the carrying amounts of assets exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price of an asset and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

6. Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost to the Company. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at cost or market value, whichever is less.

7. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. The costs are, in general, ascertained under Weighted Average Method. Finished goods and Work-in-Progress include appropriate manufacturing overheads and borrowing costs, as applicable. Excise/ Customs duty payable on stocks in bond is added to the cost. Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

8. Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are despatched from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under "Tie-up" agreements (Tie-up units) and income from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

9. Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Liabilities/ assets in foreign currencies are reckoned in the accounts as per the following principles:

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment.

Exchange differences arising on reporting of long term foreign currency monetary items, with the exception of exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investment in a non-integral foreign operation, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the period or reported in previous financial statements, are accounted as below:

(a) In so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable capital assets, are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset; and

(b) In other cases, the said exchange differences are accumulated in a 'Foreign Currency Monetary Items Translation Difference Account' and amortised over the balance period of such long term asset/liability but not beyond March 31, 2011.

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains/ losses arising there from are adjusted to the Profit and Loss Account, except those covered by forward contracted rates where the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forward exchange contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) dated March 29, 2008, whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

Also refer Schedule 18 Note 12.

10. Employee Benefits

a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees' State Insurance and Employees' Pension Scheme. The Company's payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

b) Defined-benefit plans

Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to certain categories of employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

Provident Fund:

Company's Provident Funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Company's obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

Death Benefit:

Death Benefit payable at the time of death is actuarially ascertained at the year-end and provided for in the accounts.

c) Other long term employee benefits:

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

d) Short term employee benefits:

Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences (e.g., paid annual leave), performance incentives, etc.

11. Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

12. Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to Profit and Loss Account in the period in which it is incurred. Capital Expenditure is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

13. Taxes on Income

Provision for income tax comprises current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/ virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

14. Earnings per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on Net Profit after Taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The Diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as Basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

15. Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.

16. Contingencies

Liabilities which are material and whose future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty are treated as contingent and, to the extent not provided for, are disclosed by way of notes on accounts.

17. Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956

18. Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

19. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

---

Mar 31, 2010

1. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements of the Company are prepared under historical cost convention, except as otherwise stated, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

2. Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition and subsequent improvements thereto including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation of the assets concerned, except amounts adjusted on revaluation and amalgamation. Interest on borrowings attributable to qualifying assets are capitalised and included in the cost of fixed assets as appropriate.

(b) The costs of Fixed Assets acquired in amalgamations are determined at their fair values, on the date of acquisition or nearer thereto, or as approved under the schemes of amalgamation.

(c) Assets held for disposal are stated at their net book value or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

(d) Intangible assets are stated at the consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

3. Leases

Assets acquired under Leases, where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

Assets acquired as leases, where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

4. Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method, including on assets revalued, at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (Schedule XIV) except for the following, which are based on managements estimate of useful life of the assets concerned:

i) Computers, Vehicles and Aircrafts over a period of three, five and eleven years respectively;

ii) In respect of certain items of Plant and Machinery for which separate rates are prescribed in Schedule XIV based on the number of shifts, depreciation is provided for the full year on triple shift basis.

b) Fixed assets acquired on amalgamation over the remaining useful life computed based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV, as below:

Buildings - Factory 1 to 30 years

- Non factory 1 to 54 years

Plant & Machinery 1 to 20 years

Vehicles 1 to 4 years

Computers 1 to 2 years

c) Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is lower.

d) Leasehold Land are not amortised.

e) Goodwill arising on amalgamation is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year of amalgamation.

f) Intangible assets are amortised, on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the assets are available for use, over their respective individual estimated useful lives as estimated by the management:

Trademark, Formulae and Licence 10 years

g) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

Depreciation charged as above is not less than the minimum specified as per Schedule XIV.

5. Impairment

Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent the carrying amounts of assets exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is higher of the net selling price of an asset and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

6. Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost to the Company. Provision for diminution in the value is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are valued at cost or market value, whichever is less.

7. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. The costs are, in general, ascertained under Weighted Average Method. Finished goods and Work-in-Progress include appropriate manufacturing overheads and borrowing costs, as applicable. Excise/ Customs duty payable on stocks in bond is added to the cost. Due allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

8. Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are despatched from distilleries/ warehouses of the Company in accordance with the terms of sale except where such terms provide otherwise, where sales are recognised based on such terms. Gross Sales are inclusive of excise duty but are net of trade discounts and sales tax, where applicable.

Income arising from sales by manufacturers under “Tie-up” agreements (Tie-up units) and income from brand franchise are recognised in terms of the respective contracts on sale of the products by the Tie-up units / Franchisees. Income from brand franchise is net of service tax, where applicable.

Dividend income on investments are recognised and accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

9. Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions.

Liabilities/ assets in foreign currencies are reckoned in the accounts as per the following principles:

Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprises net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment.

Exchange differences arising on reporting of long term foreign currency monetary items, with the exception of exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprises net investment in a non-integral foreign operation, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the period or reported in previous financial statements, are accounted as below:

(a) In so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable capital assets, are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset; and

(b) In other cases, the said exchange differences are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Items Translation Difference Account and amortised over the balance period of such long term asset/liability but not beyond March 31, 2011. 4

Exchange differences in respect of all other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rates ruling at the year end and all exchange gains/ losses arising there from are adjusted to the Profit and Loss Account, except those covered by forward contracted rates where the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forward exchange contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.

For forward exchange contracts and other derivatives that are not covered by Accounting Standard (AS) -11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, the Company follows the guidance in the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) dated March 29, 2008, whereby for each category of derivatives, the Company records any net mark-to-market losses. Net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such derivatives.

Also refer Schedule 18 Note 12.

10. Employee Benefits

a) Defined-contribution plans

These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the employees provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees State Insurance and Employees Pension Scheme. The Companys payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

b) Defined-benefit plans

i Gratuity:

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the Gratuity Plan), to certain categories of employees. Liability with regard to gratuity plan is accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method at the balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

Provident Fund:

Companys Provident Funds administered by trusts set up by the Company where the Companys obligation is to provide the agreed benefit to the employees and the actuarial risk and investment risk fall, in substance, on the Company are treated as a defined benefit plan. Liability with regard to such provident fund plans are accrued based on actuarial valuation, based on Projected Unit Credit Method, carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

Death Benefit:

Death Benefit payable at the time of death is actuarially ascertained at the year-end and provided for in the accounts.

c) Other long term employee benefits:

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation.

d) Short term employee benefits:

Undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits include compensated absences (e.g., paid annual leave), performance incentives, etc.

11. Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on account of Voluntary Retirement Scheme of employees is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

12. Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to Profit and Loss Account in the period in which it is incurred. Capital Expenditure is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

13. Taxes on Income

Provision for income tax comprises current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/ virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

Fringe Benefit Tax (discontinued with effect from April 1, 2009) is determined at applicable rates on expenses falling within the ambit of “Fringe Benefit” as defined under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

14. Earnings per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is arrived at based on Net Profit after Taxation available to equity shareholders to the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The Diluted EPS is calculated on the same basis as Basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of potential dilutive equity shares unless impact is anti-dilutive.

15. Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions, other than employee benefits, are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.

16. Contingencies

Liabilities which are material and whose future outcome cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty are treated as contingent and, to the extent not provided for, are disclosed by way of notes on the accounts.

17. Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses incurred are adjusted to the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956.

18. Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

19. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the acquisition of qualifying assets are recognised as part of cost of such assets when it is considered probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Company while other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.